The Consumption of Sweets and Academic Performance among Mongolian Children

Nakahara, N; Matsuyama, Yusuke; Kino, Shiho; Badrakhkhuu, Nomin; Ogawa, Takuya; Moriyama, Keiji; Fujiwara, Takeo; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.3390/ijerph17238912

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Additionally, “something sweet” was the most popular product in the school cafeteria. Other studies support those reports [ 29 , 30 ]. A meta-analysis dating back to 2017 showed that children are much more likely to choose high-calorie foods, such as candy, pizza and French fries, while watching TV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Analysis of the Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits among Children Aged 6–10 Years Old Attending Primary Schools in Poland

Potempa-Jeziorowska

Jonczyk

Świętochowska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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A high prevalence of obesity among children is influenced by serious implications. Obesity mainly results from behavioral factors, such as improper dietary habits. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary habits of children aged 6–10 (n = 908) attending primary schools in Poland, Europe. The research tool was a questionnaire that was completed by one of the children’s parents. A statistical analysis was made using statistical software. The value of p = 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 74.7% of children surveyed have a normal body mass. As many as 91.7% and 76.6% of children, respectively, eat a first and second breakfast daily. Nearly half of parents (48.9%) state that their child consumes milk or other dairy products daily. A total of 74.3% of children drink water daily. A total of 27.6% eats fish less frequently than once a week. A total of 7.6% of children eat fish several times a week. As many as 20.6% of the respondents state that their child eats brown bread several times a week, whereas 19.9% state that their child never eats brown bread. A total of 55.1% of children eat fruits and/or vegetables daily. A total of 14.1% of children surveyed consume sweets daily. The study revealed a positive correlation between BMI and the frequency of mineral water consumption (p = 0.013) in 9 y.o. girls. It was also revealed that the number of consumed fruit/vegetables increases with the BMI value among 10 y.o. boys (p = 0.044). Conclusions: The dietary habits of the investigated children are still improper. There is a great need for education on this issue, but family involvement is also required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Analysis of the Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits among Children Aged 6–10 Years Old Attending Primary Schools in Poland

Potempa-Jeziorowska

Jonczyk

Świętochowska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The study involved children (aged between 5 and 16 years), randomly selected from each year group from the 1st to 10th grades. Further details concerning the survey have been published elsewhere [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of the MNUMS (No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring

Sagawa

Ogawa

Matsuyama

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Short root anomaly (SRA) is a dental anomaly with short dental roots and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study investigated the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and SRA in offspring. A survey was conducted on 558 children aged 8–16 years from two public schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. SRA was diagnosed using cases with a root-crown ratio of maxillary central incisors of ≤1.0. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess maternal lifestyle habits. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and SRA in offspring after adjusting for possible confounders. The prevalence of SRA in these children was 14.2%. Children whose mothers smoked from pregnancy to date were found to be 4.95 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65–14.79) more likely to have SRA than those whose mothers never smoked, after adjusting for possible confounders. Additionally, children whose mothers had been exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy were found to be 1.86 times (95% CI: 1.02–3.40) more likely to have SRA than those whose mothers had not been exposed to passive smoke. Our population-based study suggests that maternal and passive smoking exposure during pregnancy can affect tooth root formation in children.

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“…Health status is included in the student's individual factors (2), and a significant body of research has demonstrated that student health determines academic achievement in school (3,4). Student health factors, such as body mass index (BMI) (5), quality and duration of sleep (6), diabetes (7), consumption of sweets (8), and depression (9), have been found to be associated with academic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Malocclusion and Academic Performance Among Mongolian Adolescents

et al. 2021

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Objective: Malocclusion has been reported to affect the daily lives of schoolchildren adversely, but little is known regarding the association between malocclusion and academic performance. We aimed to investigate the association between malocclusion and academic performance among adolescents in Mongolia.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 767 students aged 7–16 years from two public schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Three orthodontists evaluated the need for malocclusion treatment in the participants and determined the type of malocclusion using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and dental casts. The academic scores of study participants in 20 subjects were provided by their schools. Z-scores within subjects were calculated and aggregated into both overall and in six groups of subject categories comprised of mathematics, science, social science, language, arts, and physical education. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between malocclusion, malocclusion type, and academic score adjusted for gender, age, school, and family income.Results: Of the 767 students, 32.6% had malocclusion, and dental crowding was the most prevalent type (162 cases, 21.1%). Malocclusion was not significantly associated with the z-score of overall academic score [coefficient: 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.11 to 0.19]; however, dental crowding was significantly associated with the overall academic score (coefficient: −0.19, 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.03), after adjusting for covariates. Other types of malocclusion were not associated with academic scores. Among the six subject categories, arts (coefficient: −0.20, 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.04) and physical education (coefficient: −0.24, 95% CI: −0.42 to −0.07) were significantly associated with dental crowding.Conclusions: Schoolchildren in Mongolia with dental crowding may be prone to poor academic performance, particularly in arts and physical education classes. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether the treatment of crowding boosts academic performance.

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The Consumption of Sweets and Academic Performance among Mongolian Children

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

The Analysis of the Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits among Children Aged 6–10 Years Old Attending Primary Schools in Poland

The Analysis of the Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits among Children Aged 6–10 Years Old Attending Primary Schools in Poland

Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring

Association Between Malocclusion and Academic Performance Among Mongolian Adolescents

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