The Consumption of Bicarbonate-Rich Mineral Water Improves Glycemic Control

Tan

et al. 2018

Preprint

Background：Although dietary patterns are recognized to affect health by interfering with gut microbiota homeostasis, whether live or dead bacteria-bearing spring mineral water (MW) would also exert beneficial effects on health upon curing gut dysbiosis remains unknown. Results：Due to harboring live bacteria, the heated but unboiled MW from Bama, where centenarians are ubiquitously inhabited, reshapes the gut microbiota from a traveler-type to a local resident-type except for Prevotella. While chondroitin sulfate, a component occurring in livestock and poultry meats, increases the richness of sulfatase-secreting bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Bama MW dampens the overgrowth of those colonthinning bacteria and hampers the overexpression of multiple genes responsible for anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-hypoxia, anti-mutagenesis, and anti-tumorigenesis. Conclusions：Bama spring MW prevents the early-phase onset of breast cancer by curating gut dysbiosis. MW also compromises chromosomal DNA damage and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunctions, implying it may extend lifespan.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also reported that transplantation of Christensenella minutia to germ-free mice can reduce weight gain. Moreover, the abundance of Dehalobacteriaceae that are increased after MW drinking were found to positively correlate the abundance of Christensenellaceae [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spring mineral water-borne bacteria reshape gut microbiota profiles and confer health benefits

Tan

et al. 2018

Preprint

“…Table 4: RCTs comparing low mineralized with bicarbonate-rich water (five studies); [25][26][27][28][29]. Table 5: RCTs comparing low mineralized with bicarbonate-and magnesium-rich water (two studies); [16,30].…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further seven studies compared different types of water, all low mineralized with bicarbonate-rich water (879-2946 mg/L), five of them with low [25][26][27][28][29] and two [16,17,30] with high concentrations of magnesium (102 and 291 mg/L) ( Tables 4 and 5); three studies compared uncarbonated water [16,28,30], two studies carbonated water [27,29] and two studies carbonated bicarbonate-rich water versus uncarbonated mineral water [25,26].…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All 15 studies reported fasting blood glucose, 12 studies fasting insulin or C-peptide levels (not reported in [17,25,29]) of which seven calculated HOMA-IR; (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) [18,19,[21][22][23][24]30]. Four of the studies additionally conducted glucose tolerance tests (GTT) [16,18,19,28], one reported serum fructosamin concentrations [16], and one plasma glycoalbumin concentration [30]. (Table 3) In an RCT, 318 obese participants were advised to replace two caloric beverages (each 350-500 mL) a day with water or diet beverages for six months or to stay with the usual drinks.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevention and Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes-What Is the Potential of Daily Water Intake and Its Mineral Nutrients?

Naumann

Biehler²,

Lüty³

et al. 2018

Bol Soc Esp Hidrol Med

We aim to present an overview of the possible influence of drinking water in general and mineral water in particular in improving glycemic parameters in persons with or without type 2 diabetes. We performed a literature search that produced 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic with mainly small sample sizes. We also discuss relevant observational and animal studies as well as the effects of important supplements in mineral water such as hydrogencarbonate and magnesium. There is low evidence for the positive effects of water or mineral water in improving glycemic parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic persons, and the results are heterogenous, making it difficult to reach an unequivocal conclusion. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies and other observational studies, studies with animal models and interventional studies using hydrogencarbonate and magnesium supplements suggest a probable positive effect of drinking water and mineral water in particular on glycemic parameters, supporting the positive results found in some of the RCTs, especially those substituting diet beverages or caloric beverages with water, or those using bicarbonate and magnesium-rich water. Regarding the high prevalence, the associated suffering and the resulting health expenditures of type 2 diabetes, it is imperative to conduct larger and more rigorous trials to answer the question whether drinking water or mineral water can improve glycemic parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic persons.People who don't drink sugar sweetened beverages tend to have higher quality diets and do not compensate for sugar or energy deficits by consuming more sugary foods [7].A nutrition survey examining the relationship between the quantity of water taken in and HbA1c in 1035 participants calculated that an increase of 240 mL in daily water intake reduces the risk of elevated HbAc1 >5.5% by 22% in men but not in women [8].A review of 134 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), where water consumption was increased right before or during a meal, showed heterogenic effects on energy intake, energy expenditure, fat oxidation and weight change [9].Moreover, mineral nutrients such as bicarbonate [10] and magnesium [11], in particular, are thought to affect glucose metabolism. An increased dietary acid load is associated with the development of insulin resistance [12], while a pre-existing diabetes favors acidosis, which, in turn, leads to increased insulin resistance [13].Drinking recommendations are less common and detailed than food recommendations [3,14], and there is little scientific evidence, and, to our knowledge, no review of RCTs on drinking water and its influence on glycemic parameters, respectively type 2 diabetes.This review aims to explore to what extent drinking water with low or high mineralization for at least four weeks influences glycemic parameters in healthy or type 2 diabetes participants in daily life situations as compared with other drinks. The results of the RCTs found in the literature search will be discussed alongsid...

Efficient Assessment of ‘Instantaneous pK’ Values from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Duchstein,

Löffler,

Zahn

2023

ChemPhysChem

We present a molecular simulation approach to studying the role of local and momentary molecular environment for potential acid‐base reactions. For this, we combine thermodynamic considerations on the pK of ionic species with rapid sampling of energy changes related to (de)protonation. Using dispersed carbonate ions in water as a reference, our approach aims at the fast assessment of the momentary protonation energy, and thus the ‘instantaneous pK’, of calcium‐carbonate ion aggregates. The latter include transient complexes that are elusive to long sampling runs. This motivated the elaboration of approximate, yet particularly fast assessable sampling strategies. Along this line, we were able to characterize instantaneous pK values at a statistical accuracy of 0.4 pK units within sampling runs of only 10 ps duration, whereas statistical errors reduce to 0.1 pK units in 75 ps sampling runs, respectively. This readily enabled the required time resolution for the characterization of [Cax(CO3)y]2(x–y) aggregates with x=1,2 and y=1,2,3, respectively. In turn, the analysis of the pH‐dependent nature of calcite‐water interfaces and dynamically ordered liquid‐like oxyanion polymers (dollop) domains is outlined at 10 ps resolution.