“…WE is a paradigm which focuses on the linguistic features of English varieties and sociolinguistic implications (Galloway, 2019). Imelwaty (2022) maintains that paradigm shift involves a change in the target opponent's perspective, a shift in the language model, the liberation of non-native speakers from native speakers' expectations, and a change in the way that the English language is perceived as belonging to native speakers. There are Kachru's three concentric divisions of the English language, inner circle (IC), outer circle (OC), and expanding circle (EC) represent the diverse cultural context in which English is spread, acquired, and allocated in terms of its practical use.…”