The construction of a dual direct Z-scheme NiAl LDH/g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄ nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution

Abstract

Dual direct Z-scheme photocatalysts for overall water decomposition have demonstrated strong redox abilities and the efficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs.

Recent Progress in LDH@Graphene and Analogous Heterostructures for Highly Active and Stable Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

“…The exceptional PEC‐OER activities could be attributed to the occupancy of TiO 2 NP on Ti 3 C 2 T x , which triggered the light absorption properties to enhance the formation of carriers charge pairs, while ternary LDH nanoplates and metallic Ti 3 C 2 T x NS was effective for hole scavenging, and fast electron shuttling, trigger the electron/ions transportation. Apart this, the up to dated literature data of PC water splitting performance reveals that NiAl−LDH/g‐C 3 N 4 /Ag 3 PO 4 coupled system displayed the best O 2 evolution rate of 4330 μmol g −1 h −1 under 250 W quartz tungsten halogen lamp as visible light source and AgNO 3 as sacrificial agent [155] . Alternatively, 2D−C 3 N 4 /NiFe−LDH heterostructure displayed the best H 2 evolution rate of 3087 μmol g −1 h −1 (6817 μmol g −1 h −1 with 3 wt.% Pt) under 450 W solar simulator (AM1.5) and TEOA as sacrificial agent [151] .…”

“…Normally, heterostructures are formed by the coupling of two (or more) materials (metals, non‐metals, graphene, transition metal oxides, metal sulfides, carbides, nitrides or chalcogenides) in single architectures, which possess prospective optical and electrical, properties for desired catalytic applications [150–158] . Mostly, TEM/HR‐TEM imaging technique could be used to prove the atomic structure and electronic properties of heterostructure.…”

Recent developments in layered double hydroxide structures with their role in promoting photocatalytic hydrogen production: A comprehensive review

“…In view of the charge separation and recombination, coupling two or more semiconductors was denoted as the most effective way to maximize the charge separation and hinder the recombination of the photocarriers. 83,249 Previous and current literature has elucidated on the photocatalytic enhancement of the LDH-based photocatalyst in driving the hydrogen production after hybridizing with other semiconductors and forming a heterojunction of type I, 250 type II, 50,54,172,173,185,251 Z-Scheme, 134,252,253 S-Scheme, 114,254 and p-n junction. 77,112,115 Extensive research has been conducted on the construction of LDH-based type II heterojunction compared to other heterojunction types.…”

Fabrication of tailored rod-shaped carbon nitride, g-C3N4, decorated with MoSe2 flowers for the catalytic reduction of nitrophenol, organic dye degradation and biocompatibility studies

“…These are promising anchoring sites for various cocatalysts and also act as an adsorption site for many smaller molecules. 14 Due to its attractive nature, increasing interest has been developed to study g-C 3 N 4 based materials for various applications including hydrogen (HER)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER), [15][16][17][18] catalysis, 19 degradation of various refractory environmental pollutants, including dyes 8 and harmful nitro-compounds, 20 biological 21 and many chemical transformations. 22 Despite the aforementioned advantages, the pristine g-C 3 N 4 encounters some drawbacks including insufficient active sites and low specific surface area that limits its adsorption performance in catalytic applications.…”