The Constitution of 3 May 1791: Testament of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Development of Polish Nationalism in the Period 1815-1864 after the Fourth Partition of Poland

“…Therefore, the Poles did not choose Szlachtas or Sarmatism, as its own national myths, instead they chose a new invention that is more in line with the nineteenth century -the constitutional "Constitution of 3 May 1791". This highly abstract legacy was fitted the tastes of the Polish nationalists of this period very well [6]. And an example like this: A group of students from Wilno for example was punished (some whipped, some sent to Siberia) when one of their number chalked on a wall: "long live the constitution of 1791" [8], will make us see I think that in the future, the Poles will "show off" and provocatively wave the May 3rd Constitution.…”

“…Generally speaking, nationalism achieved considerable development during the period 1831-1864, and the rise of Romantic literature in the 1830s turned Polish culture from paying more attention to specific administrative freedom and economic development to an abstract Polish national identity than in the previous period. This period Poland officially recognized itself as a suffering -not a failed state (nation) [6], especially, after 1831, the situation of the Poles was extremely bad, and the new policy almost canceled the previous period Congress Poland's all rights of self-government. Tariff barriers were erected again, and the difficult situation of industrial development did not improve until the 1850s (Figure 1 and 2) [5], so it seems very appropriate and timely to seek a sense of identity based on the pain experienced by Poland.…”

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“…The possible role of AI could extend from e.g. optimizing the homogenization process, which would simplify complex structures of corrugated board into manageable models (Garbowski 2022(Garbowski , 2023a, to refining the accuracy of safety factor estimations (Garbowski 2023a), crucial for ensuring structural integrity. Moreover, AI algorithms, particularly Artificial Neural Networks, as demonstrated in recent studies (Gajewski et al 2023;Gu et al 2023), have already shown significant potential in predicting the crush resistance and load-bearing capacity of various corrugated packaging designs.…”