“…Research from Morton, Mergler, & Boman (2014) states that optimism and self-efficacy have a significant correlation to the mastery of learning material. While self-efficacy is also a predictor for measuring the ability of individuals in writing (Bruning, Dempsey, Kauffman, McKim, & Zumbrunn, 2013;Tsang, Hui, & Law, 2011;Jalaluddin, Paramasivam, Husain, & Bakar, 2015). While external factors that influence mastery of learning material include social support, the attention and appreciation of students also influence the level of student learning achievement (Song, Bong, Lee, & Kim, 2015;Mackinnon, 2012;Sivandani, Koohbanani, & Vahidi, 2013).…”