The conserved mobility of mitochondria during leaf senescence reflects differential regulation of the cytoskeletal components in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Keech, Olivier

doi:10.4161/psb.6.1.14307

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…S1C). These data about the mitochondrial population corroborate earlier studies obtained with Arabidopsis undergoing dark-induced leaf senescence (Keech et al, 2007) and DLS (Keech 2011) as well as with grapevine leaves undergoing DLS (Ruberti et al, 2014). In a second step, electron microscopy was carried out to better visualize the ultrastructural changes occurring in organelles in mesophyll cells ( Fig.…”

Section: Confocal and Electron Microscopy Analyses Of Mitochondria Dusupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Surprisingly, the role played by mitochondria during DLS appears poorly documented, even though a thorough understanding of the major cellular players involved is crucial in the optimization and management of this process. A number of studies, however, have put forward some interesting observations in Medicago truncatula cells (Zottini et al, 2006), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; Keech et al, 2007;Keech, 2011;Woo et al, 2016), grapevine (Vitis vinifera; Ruberti et al, 2014), and poplar (Populus spp. ; Bhalerao et al, 2003;Keskitalo et al, 2005), revealing the persistent presence of mitochondria in the cell, long after the chloroplasts have commenced disassembly and whole-cell metabolism has been thoroughly modified.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dissecting the Metabolic Role of Mitochondria during Developmental Leaf Senescence

Chrobok

Law²,

Brouwer³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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The functions of mitochondria during leaf senescence, a type of programmed cell death aimed at the massive retrieval of nutrients from the senescing organ to the rest of the plant, remain elusive. Here, combining experimental and analytical approaches, we showed that mitochondrial integrity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is conserved until the latest stages of leaf senescence, while their number drops by 30%. Adenylate phosphorylation state assays and mitochondrial respiratory measurements indicated that the leaf energy status also is maintained during this time period. Furthermore, after establishing a curated list of genes coding for products targeted to mitochondria, we analyzed in isolation their transcript profiles, focusing on several key mitochondrial functions, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial electron transfer chain, iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, transporters, as well as catabolic pathways. In tandem with a metabolomic approach, our data indicated that mitochondrial metabolism was reorganized to support the selective catabolism of both amino acids and fatty acids. Such adjustments would ensure the replenishment of α-ketoglutarate and glutamate, which provide the carbon backbones for nitrogen remobilization. Glutamate, being the substrate of the strongly up-regulated cytosolic glutamine synthase, is likely to become a metabolically limiting factor in the latest stages of developmental leaf senescence. Finally, an evolutionary age analysis revealed that, while branched-chain amino acid and proline catabolism are very old mitochondrial functions particularly enriched at the latest stages of leaf senescence, auxin metabolism appears to be rather newly acquired. In summation, our work shows that, during developmental leaf senescence, mitochondria orchestrate catabolic processes by becoming increasingly central energy and metabolic hubs.

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Section: Confocal and Electron Microscopy Analyses Of Mitochondria Dusupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the Metabolic Role of Mitochondria during Developmental Leaf Senescence

Chrobok

Law²,

Brouwer³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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“…Harpin-induced PCD was also suggested to primarily rely on mitochondrial ROS production, while chloroplast-derived ROS in the light are not essential but can exacerbate PCD [37]. Finally, during dark-induced senescence, mitochondria keep moving actively around the cell until the last stages of senescence when chlorophyll is up to 85% degraded, further suggesting that they are the main players in senescence-induced PCD [90]. Perhaps the loss of mitochondrial function and redox capacity early during PCD is sufficient to irreparably over-reduce chloroplast redox status [12,13,43], especially when sufficient light is present, further progressing the destruction of the cell (Figure 3).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks: Do Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Cooperamentioning

confidence: 98%

Licensed to Kill: Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Cell Death

Aken

Breusegem

2015

Trends in Plant Science

153

115

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“…This suggests a metabolic reorientation when autophagy is disrupted, and that the lack of protein degradation in atg mutants slowed the generation of amino acids used as alternative substrates for respiration [100] After one day of dark-induced senescence a significant increase in ROS production by mitochondria and peroxisomes has been observed that lasted throughout senescence [101], possibly reflecting the heightened activity of these organelles during senescence. In contrast, chloroplast ROS levels dropped after 1 day and gradually returned to basal levels over the course of senescence [102]. Based on this, it could be speculated that mitochondria (and perhaps peroxisomes) are the main players that allow complete recycling of cell content and potentially lead to cell death at the end of plant senescence.…”

Section: Role Of Mitophagy During Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitophagy: A Mechanism for Plant Growth and Survival

Broda

Millar

Aken

2018

Trends in Plant Science

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Mitophagy is a conserved cellular process that is important for autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria to maintain a healthy mitochondrial population. Mitophagy also appears to occur in plants and has roles in development, stress response, senescence, and programmed cell death. However, many of the genes that control mitophagy in yeast and animal cells are absent from plants, and no plant proteins marking defunct mitochondria for autophagic degradation are yet known. New insights implicate general autophagy-related proteins in mitophagy, affecting the senescence of plant tissues. Mitophagy control and its importance for energy metabolism, survival, signaling, and cell death in plants are discussed. Furthermore, we suggest mitochondrial membrane proteins containing ATG8-interacting motifs, which might serve as mitophagy receptor proteins in plant mitochondria.

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The conserved mobility of mitochondria during leaf senescence reflects differential regulation of the cytoskeletal components inArabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Dissecting the Metabolic Role of Mitochondria during Developmental Leaf Senescence

Dissecting the Metabolic Role of Mitochondria during Developmental Leaf Senescence

Licensed to Kill: Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Cell Death

Mitophagy: A Mechanism for Plant Growth and Survival

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