The conservation and diversity of ascidian cells and molecules involved in the inflammatory reaction: The Ciona robusta model

Longo, Valeria; Parrinello, Daniela; Longo, Alessandra; Parisi, Maria Giovanna; Parrinello, Nicolò; Colombo, Piergiuseppe; Cammarata, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.022

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…S5C). We systematically compared the morphology of cells in the HLR with that of blood cells reported in Ciona robusta ( 41 ). Most of the blood cell types reported in C. robusta were also found in the HLR of the endostyle (fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved single-cell atlas of ascidian endostyle provides insight into the origin of vertebrate pharyngeal organs

Jiang,

Han,

Wei

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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The pharyngeal endoderm, an innovation of deuterostome ancestors, contributes to pharyngeal development by influencing the patterning and differentiation of pharyngeal structures in vertebrates; however, the evolutionary origin of the pharyngeal organs in vertebrates is largely unknown. The endostyle, a distinct pharyngeal organ exclusively present in basal chordates, represents a good model for understanding pharyngeal organ origins. Using Stereo-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing, we constructed aspatially resolved single-cell atlas for the endostyle of the ascidian Styela clava . We determined the cell composition of the hemolymphoid region, which illuminates a mixed ancestral structure for the blood and lymphoid system. In addition, we discovered a cluster of hair cell–like cells in zone 3, which has transcriptomic similarity with the hair cells of the vertebrate acoustico-lateralis system. These findings reshape our understanding of the pharynx of the basal chordate and provide insights into the evolutionary origin of multiplexed pharyngeal organs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved single-cell atlas of ascidian endostyle provides insight into the origin of vertebrate pharyngeal organs

Jiang,

Han,

Wei

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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“…Each invertebrate species hosts a diversified repertoire of cell types, and few invertebrate animal tissues are defined at a cellular level. For instance, invertebrate immune cells are still largely described by cell morphology, with few or no molecular markers available to discriminate between cell types (27,28) . Thus, scRNA-seq can short-cut years of work to identify and characterize cell types, enabling cell type comparisons across species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mannitol-based buffer improves single-cell RNA sequencing of high-salt marine cells

Scully

Klein

2023

Preprint

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Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables discovery of novel cell states by transcriptomic profiling with minimal prior knowledge, making it useful for studying non-model organisms. For most marine organisms, however, cells are viable at a higher salinity than is compatible with scRNA-seq, impacting data quality and cell representation. We show that a low-salinity phosphate buffer supplemented with D-mannitol (PBS-M) enables higher-quality scRNA-seq of blood cells from the tunicateCiona robusta. Using PBS-M reduces cell death and ambient mRNA, revealing cell states not otherwise detected. This simple protocol modification could enable or improve scRNA-seq for the majority of marine organisms.

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“…Ascidians are marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Urochordata; these organisms represent the closest living relatives to vertebrates [12,13]. Given its phylogenetically important position in the superphylum Chordata, the cosmopolitan species Ciona intestinalis type A (synonymous with Ciona robusta) has been studied as a model organism in various fields of evolution, including genomics, developmental biology, endocrinology, and immunology [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The availability of genomic information and a growing body of RNA-seq data have facilitated studies of the molecular basis of the immune response in Ciona and the conservation of those in vertebrates [14,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary immune defense in ascidians is employed by the circulating hemocytes, the pharynx, and the alimentary canal [19][20][21][22]. Several genes involved in diverse pathogen recognition, including lectins, complements, and Toll-like receptors, have so far been demonstrated to be expressed in the Ciona hemocytes and pharynx [17,[19][20][21][22]. In a previous study, thirty-four Ciona hemocyte-specific genes were identified, of which three were immune-related homologs of vertebrates (e.g., complement 6-like) [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hemocyte-Derived Peptide and Its Possible Roles in Immune Response of Ciona intestinalis Type A

Matsubara,

Iguchi,

Ogasawara

et al. 2024

IJMS

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A wide variety of bioactive peptides have been identified in the central nervous system and several peripheral tissues in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A (Ciona robusta). However, hemocyte endocrine peptides have yet to be explored. Here, we report a novel 14-amino-acid peptide, CiEMa, that is predominant in the granular hemocytes and unilocular refractile granulocytes of Ciona. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR revealed the high CiEma expression in the adult pharynx and stomach. Immunohistochemistry further revealed the highly concentrated CiEMa in the hemolymph of the pharynx and epithelial cells of the stomach, suggesting biological roles in the immune response. Notably, bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation of isolated hemocytes for 1–4 h resulted in 1.9- to 2.4-fold increased CiEMa secretion. Furthermore, CiEMa-stimulated pharynx exhibited mRNA upregulation of the growth factor (Fgf3/7/10/22), vanadium binding proteins (CiVanabin1 and CiVanabin3), and forkhead and homeobox transcription factors (Foxl2, Hox3, and Dbx) but not antimicrobial peptides (CrPap-a and CrMam-a) or immune-related genes (Tgfbtun3, Tnfa, and Il17-2). Collectively, these results suggest that CiEMa plays roles in signal transduction involving tissue development or repair in the immune response, rather than in the direct regulation of immune response genes. The present study identified a novel Ciona hemocyte peptide, CiEMa, which paves the way for research on the biological roles of hemocyte peptides in chordates.

show abstract

The conservation and diversity of ascidian cells and molecules involved in the inflammatory reaction: The Ciona robusta model

Cited by 11 publications

References 122 publications

Spatially resolved single-cell atlas of ascidian endostyle provides insight into the origin of vertebrate pharyngeal organs

Spatially resolved single-cell atlas of ascidian endostyle provides insight into the origin of vertebrate pharyngeal organs

A mannitol-based buffer improves single-cell RNA sequencing of high-salt marine cells

A Novel Hemocyte-Derived Peptide and Its Possible Roles in Immune Response of Ciona intestinalis Type A

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