The consequences of Wari contact in the Nasca region during the Middle Horizon: archaeological, skeletal, and isotopic evidence

Buzon, Michele R.; Conlee, Christina A.; Simonetti, Antonio; Bowen, Gabriel J.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.04.003

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Exploring population dynamics during significant sociopolitical changes allows for a more thorough understanding of those involved in the power relationships of these ancient interactions. In areas where the geological variability is sufficient, strontium isotope ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) analysis has proven to be a successful technique to address questions of archaeological significance regarding the interactions of societies such as Roman period mobility in Britain and Europe (e.g., Schweissing and Grupe, 2003;Evans et al, 2006;Chenery et al, 2010) and the movements of the Wari, Inca, and Tiwanaku in South America (e.g., Knudson, 2008;Andrushko et al, 2009;Slovak et al, 2009;Turner et al, 2009;Buzon et al, 2012), in addition to numerous other past cultures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods

Buzon

Simonetti

2013

American J Phys Anthropol

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As a successful technique for identifying residential mobility in other areas, this study investigates the feasibility of using 87Sr/86Sr analysis to track the movements of the ancient peoples of Egypt and Nubia in the Nile Valley, who interacted via trade, warfare, and political occupations over millennia. Dental enamel from faunal remains is used to examine variability in strontium sources in seven regional sites; human enamel samples are analyzed from eight Nile Valley sites in order to trace human movements. The faunal samples show a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr values demonstrating that some animals were raised in a variety of locales. The results of the human samples reveal overlap in 87Sr/86Sr values between Egyptian and Nubian sites; however, Egyptian 87Sr/86Sr values (mean/median [0.70777], sd [0.00027]) are statistically higher than the Nubian 87Sr/86Sr values (mean [0.70762], median [0.70757], sd [0.00036], suggesting that it is possible to identify if immigrant Egyptians were present at Nubian sites. Samples examined from the site of Tombos provide important information regarding the sociopolitical activities during the New Kingdom and Napatan periods. Based on a newly established local 87Sr/86Sr range, human values, and bioarchaeological evidence, this study confirms the preliminary idea that immigrants, likely from Egypt, were present during the Egyptian New Kingdom occupation of Nubia. In the subsequent Napatan period when Nubia ruled Egypt as the 25th Dynasty, 87Sr/86Sr values are statistically different from the New Kingdom component and indicate that only locals were present at Tombos during this developmental time.

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confidence: 99%

Strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods

Buzon

Simonetti

2013

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…These individuals were chosen according to their good collagen preservation, adult age, and isotopic results. The latter suggest little, if any, marine resource consumption because δ 15 N values are not greatly elevated, while higher δ 13 C values are likely due to high direct and indirect consumption of C 4 plants: in particular maize, a dietary staple in the region during most of these time periods (see Buzon et al 2012;Cadwallader et al 2012;Cadwallader 2013). Thus, these 14 C values cannot be influenced by a marine reservoir effect known to be significant along the Peruvian coast (Jones et al 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating the Dead: New Radiocarbon Dates from the Lower Ica Valley, South Coast Peru

Cadwallader

Torres²,

O’Connell

et al. 2015

Radiocarbon

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This article presents radiocarbon dates from human bone samples (n = 13) from seven pre-Columbian cemeteries in the Samaca and Ullujaya Basins of the lower Ica Valley, south coast of Peru, spanning from the end of the Early Horizon to the Inca Late Horizon. These contexts have been severely looted. Yet, in all cases, their putative dating by material culture remains is confirmed by these 14C dates. This shows that such disturbed contexts, sadly typical of the Peruvian coast, can nonetheless still yield valuable bioarchaeological and burial practice data. These dates elaborate upon an emerging picture of the absolute dating of the cultural phases of the wider south coast region, in particular casting new light on the poorly understood Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate period transition. A paucity of archaeological data for this 3-century period has been taken as evidence of some sort of environmentally or socially induced lacuna. Instead, the 14C dates presented here suggest that the basins of the lower Ica Valley were continuously occupied over this period.

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“…The archaeological evidence of women's status indicates that the Wari endowed women with privileges and recognized their social and ideological importance. At the site of La Tiza in the Southern Nasca Region, the bodies of two women with strontium isotope signatures that overlap with the Ayacucho region were found in high-status Middle Horizon graves, accompanied by Loro ceramics (Buzon et al 2012;Conlee 2011). La Tiza was located outside the Loro core and likely within the territory more directly overseen by the Wari.…”

Section: Wari and Loro Sex And Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…La Tiza was located outside the Loro core and likely within the territory more directly overseen by the Wari. With the majority of Middle Horizon individuals buried at the site exhibiting local isotope signatures, the presence of highland women suggests that the Wari used marriage alliances to create dialogue with locals (Buzon et al 2012(Buzon et al , 2634. That it was women, rather than men, who were interred at La Tiza underscores the Wari implementation of women to assert imperial power and represent the imperial body.…”

Section: Wari and Loro Sex And Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Women in Opposition: The Sociopolitical Implications of Loro Female Face-neck Jars of Middle Horizon South Coastal Peru

Spivak¹

2016

CAJ

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The production and use of Loro ceramics in the Middle Horizon (c. ad 650–1000) south coast of Peru persisted during a period of cultural conflict as the highland Wari empire annexed this region. Primarily residing in the Las Trancas valley, just beyond the locus of Wari control, the Loro developed tight ethnic bonds and seem to have maintained autonomy for the duration of the empire's presence. Loro ceramics embody the culture's development of a local identity, particularly evident in face-neck jars, one-handled vessels consisting of a modelled human head atop a globular body. With standardized facial features, a range of reductive motifs and a tendency toward female representation, Loro face-neck jars contrast markedly with similar Wari vessels depicting individuals dressed in elite male costume and bearing symbols of Wari state religion. A significant percentage of Loro face-neck jars are sexed or gendered female, an unusual occurrence in Andean visual culture. This article frames these objects within Andean constructs of gender complementarity, arguing that Loro female face-neck jars visually declared their gendered opposition to Wari, protecting their autonomy through the implicit acquiescence and complementarity of femininity.

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The consequences of Wari contact in the Nasca region during the Middle Horizon: archaeological, skeletal, and isotopic evidence

Cited by 33 publications

References 56 publications

Strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods

Strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods

Dating the Dead: New Radiocarbon Dates from the Lower Ica Valley, South Coast Peru

Women in Opposition: The Sociopolitical Implications of Loro Female Face-neck Jars of Middle Horizon South Coastal Peru

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The consequences of Wari contact in the Nasca region during the Middle Horizon: archaeological, skeletal, and isotopic evidence

Cited by 33 publications

References 56 publications

Strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods

Strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods

Dating the Dead: New Radiocarbon Dates from the Lower Ica Valley, South Coast Peru

Women in Opposition: The Sociopolitical Implications of Loro Female Face-neck Jars of Middle Horizon South Coastal Peru

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods

Strontium isotope (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods