The consequences of gustatory nerve transection on taste-guided licking of sucrose and maltose in the rat.

Spector, Alan C.; Redman, Rachel; Garcea, Mircea

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.110.5.1096

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As mentioned, the gustatory input from the 10th cranial nerve in the rat is thought to be involved with the protection of the airways. In support, behavioral evidence to date, including the present study, suggests that rats may be aguesic to sucrose and quinine (St. John et al, 1994;Spector et al, 1996b) when only the vagal taste receptors are left intact.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Percentages of correct responses Ϯ SE as a f unction of stimulus with the normal stimulus array (i.e., the postsurgical test, top panels) and the altered array (lower panels) are shown. Note that the addition of a stimulus that could not be discriminated on the basis of taste (water) did not result in decreased performance to either quinine or KC l. less of quality), f unctions that do not require high resolution between chemical compounds, appear to be subserved by patterns of convergent input from the C T, GSP, and GL, depending on the taste stimulus (Pfaffmann, 1952;Yamamoto and Asai, 1986;Spector et al, 1990bSpector et al, , 1993Spector et al, , 1996bSlotnick et al, 1991;C authon et al, 1994;St. John et al, 1994;St.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the whole, based on behavioral and electrophysiological data in rodents and sheep, as well as the anatomical position of its receptor field, this nerve has been hypothesized to play no major role in taste quality coding (Dickman and Smith, 1988;Smith and Hanamori, 1991;St. John et al, 1994;Spector et al, 1996b).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

John

Spector

1998

J. Neurosci.

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The rat glossopharyngeal nerve (GL), which innervates posterior tongue taste buds, contains several physiologically defined taste fiber types; at least one type is primarily responsive to certain alkaloids (such as quinine), and another is primarily responsive to acids and salts. In contrast, the chorda tympani (CT), which innervates anterior tongue taste buds, does not appear to contain fibers that differentially respond to quinine relative to salts and acids. It was therefore predicted that GL transection should disrupt behavioral discriminations between quinine and either acids or salts. Water-restricted rats were trained to press one of two levers if a sampled taste stimulus was quinine (0.1-1.0 mM) and the second lever if the sampled stimulus was KCl (0.1-1.0 M). Sham surgery, GL transection, and sublingual and submaxillary salivary gland extirpation were found to have no effect relative to presurgical performance. Both CT transection and combined GL and CT transection caused a substantial and approximately equal decrement in discrimination performance. Removal of the gustatory branches of the seventh cranial nerve [CT and greater superficial petrosal (GSP)] nearly eliminated the discrimination of the taste stimuli, and combined transection of the CT, GL, and GSP unequivocally reduced performance to chance levels. Although these findings were not presaged by the known electrophysiology, they nonetheless compare favorably with other studies reporting little effect of GL transection on behavioral responses to quinine. These results, in the context of other discrimination studies reported in the literature, suggest that, in rats, the neural coding of taste quality depends primarily on the input of the facial nerve.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

John

Spector

1998

J. Neurosci.

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“…Therefore, the responses to licking alone can be compared with those elicited by tastants. In addition, trained rats have been shown to identify tastants in ϳ200 ms (Halpern and Tapper, 1971), which is about the time frame of one lick cycle (Spector et al, 1996;Travers et al, 1997), but the electrophysiological correlates of rapid tastant identification have yet to be identified. We chose to analyze such multimodal, temporally oscillating responses with a generalized linear model (glm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking

Stapleton¹,

Lavine²,

Wolpert³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

131

146

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Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in ϳ200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigated whether neurons in the primary gustatory cortex (GC), a cortical area necessary for tastant identification and discrimination, contain sufficient information in a single lick cycle, or ϳ150 ms, to distinguish between tastants at different concentrations. This was achieved by recording neural activity in GC while rats licked four times without a liquid reward, and then, on the fifth lick, received a tastant (FR5 schedule). We found that 34% (61 of 178) of GC units were chemosensitive. The remaining neurons were activated during some phase of the licking cycle, discriminated between reinforced and unreinforced licks, or processed task-related information. Chemosensory neurons exhibited a latency of 70 -120 ms depending on concentration, and a temporally precise phasic response that returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these results suggest that the gustatory cortex is capable of processing multimodal information on a rapid timescale and provide the physiological basis by which animals may discriminate between tastants during a single lick cycle.

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“…The CT but not the GL nerve is necessary for the maintenance of normal sodium-specific taste-guided behavior under sodiumdeficient conditions and for the normal unconditioned appetitive responsiveness to sucrose and maltose. 1,2) Denervation of the bilateral GL nerve significantly increased the behavioral similarity (the strength of generalization in the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm) between monosodium glutamate (MSG) and sodium salts, suggesting that taste information from the GL nerve played a more important role than that from the CT nerve in behavioral discrimination between MSG and the four basic tastes. 3) Resection of the GL nerve altered the acceptability of the bitter-tasting essential amino acid, L-lysine (Lys), due to Lys-deficiency in mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference for Dried Bonito Broth in Olfactory-Blocked or Taste Nerve-Sectioned Mice in the Two-Bottle Choice Test

Kawasaki

Yamada

Fuse

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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We investigated how gustatory and olfactory information contributes to the preference for dried bonito broth in mice. In the two-bottle preference test, intact mice consumed dried bonito broth in preference to water or an amino acid-nucleotide (AN) solution containing the same concentration of amino acids and nucleotides as that in dried bonito broth. It was observed that mice with transected bilateral chorda tympani (CT) nerves, those with transected bilateral glossopharyngeal (GL) nerves, and those that were intranasally administered with zinc sulfate preferred dried bonito broth to water. Zinc sulfate was used to produce a temporary loss of olfaction. In the two-bottle preference test with dried bonito broth and an AN solution, the preference for the former was reduced in mice with transected bilateral GL nerves and in those with an olfactory blockade, but not in mice with transected bilateral CT nerves. These results suggest that dried bonito broth was preferred over the AN solution, and that simultaneous inputs from olfaction and the GL nerve contributed to this preference.

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The consequences of gustatory nerve transection on taste-guided licking of sucrose and maltose in the rat.

Cited by 57 publications

References 53 publications

Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

Behavioral Discrimination between Quinine and KCl Is Dependent on Input from the Seventh Cranial Nerve: Implications for the Functional Roles of the Gustatory Nerves in Rats

Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking

Preference for Dried Bonito Broth in Olfactory-Blocked or Taste Nerve-Sectioned Mice in the Two-Bottle Choice Test

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