“…Scholars have dealt with this research agenda via case studies (Alarcón et al, 2017;Barrett et al, 2012;Bua, 2017;Michels & Binnema, 2018;Smith, 2009), larger comparisons (Beierle, 2010;Font et al, 2018;Gastil et al, 2017;Pogrebinschi, 2013) or literature reviews (Abelson & Gauvin, 2006;Geißel & Heß, 2018;Jacquet & van der Does, 2020b;Jager et al, 2020;Michels, 2011;Rowe & Frewer, 2004). However, there has been surprisingly little attention devoted to the actual assessment of impact (Font & Smith, 2019;Jacquet & van der Does, 2020b;Mazeaud & Boas, 2012;Richardson et al, 2019) 1 . Most works rely on a congruency approach-i.e., a desk-based research method which assesses impact based on the textual correspondence between a citizen-created idea and public policy documents-but they tend to operationalize the impact disparately, looking at different public policy outputs and (in a limited number of cases) applying distinct triangulation strategies.…”