The Consequences of Average Curve Generation:  Implications for Biomechanics Data

Nusholtz, Guy S.; Hsu, Timothy P.; Luna, M A; DiDomenico, Laura; Kochekseraii, Sadegh Babaii

doi:10.4271/2010-22-0001

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This is supported by the findings of numerous previous studies, for example Nusholtz et al [21] who suggest that averaging several samples may not reflect the underlying biomechanics, in the event that the responses of several samples were fundamentally different. Instead of scaling the experimental data, scaling or morphing the HBM geometry to each subject's anthropometry is recommended to improve consistency of the impact conditions for each body part with the experiment.…”

Section: Usage For Hbm Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Head boundary conditions in pedestrian crashes with passenger cars: six-degrees-of-freedom post-mortem human subject responses

Paas

Masson²,

Davidsson

2015

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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In pedestrian-vehicle crashes, head injuries cause death and long-term disability. Thus, understanding the head kinematics is vital. Head rotation data are scarce, and the influence of individual anthropometry, upper body and arm kinematics on head kinematics is poorly understood. This paper investigates the influence of anthropometry, upper body and arm kinematics on head linear and angular kinematics, providing novel six-degrees-of-freedom data from pedestrian-vehicle-crash experiments. Five similarly positioned subjects were struck by a mid-size sedan at 40 km/h. Three-dimensional translation and three-dimensional rotation of the head, spine and shoulders were compared. Head kinematics differed considerably among the subjects. Variations in anthropometry changed pelvic sliding towards the windshield. Arm responses altered head impact velocity and head rotation. The results have implications for future experiments, evaluation of human models and the design of pedestrian safety systems. Head injury risk can be moderated by reducing head rotation before head impact, and by reducing pelvic sliding

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Section: Usage For Hbm Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Head boundary conditions in pedestrian crashes with passenger cars: six-degrees-of-freedom post-mortem human subject responses

Paas

Masson²,

Davidsson

2015

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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“…Statement 4 above does not indicate how different the shapes or magnitudes have to be for the RC not to be the best representation of the shape. To estimate what level of difference is needed, in the magnitude and/or shape, see Nusholtz et al (2010).…”

Section: Average Shape Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the RC is a "valid" summary of the signal shape for the signal set only when all the signals belonging to the same set are independent replications of the same phenomenon. Consequently, the shape is functionally the same for each signal the only difference in shape among the signals is assumed to be to random variation (Nusholtz et al 2010).…”

Section: Representative Curve Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may not capture the underlying physics. Nusholtz et al (2010) presented procedures for comparing the time histories of different classes of vehicles. They took the approach of first creating an average signal and then creating sets of shape comparisons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of the signals becomes problematic and the resulting time-history may represent a characteristic system that is different from any of the test samples and may not represent the response of the underlying structure. For example, Nusholtz et al (2010) created a simple linear system that consisted of a spring and a mass with a half-sine like solution. The mass and the spring were varied to produce time-histories with different periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Statistical Considerations for Evaluating Biofidelity, Repeatability, and Reproducibility of ATDs

Nusholtz¹,

Aoun²,

Domenico³

et al. 2013

SAE Int. J. Trans. Safety

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Presented in this paper are two numerical/statistical methods for determining if the impact timehistory response of a mechanical system is repeatable or reproducible; such a system could be a vehicle, a biological human surrogate, Anthropometric Test Device (ATD or dummy), etc. The responses could be sets of time-histories of accelerations, forces, moments, etc., of a component or of the system. The example system evaluated is the BioRID II rear impact dummy. The evaluation begins by transforming the sets of time-histories into sets of relative-shapes and magnitudes of the response time histories. The two statistical procedures use the t and T 2-tests. One uses a statistical comparison of the average time history of a set (Representative Curve (RC)) to the individual time histories of that set or other sets. The other procedure uses a statistical comparison of sets of time histories. The statistical analysis is then performed on the sets of the relative-shapes and magnitudes. Both methods indicate the BioRID II is neither repeatable nor reproducible for the neck moment.

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Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin dose dependently inhibit cytopathic effect, Papain-like Protease and M^PROof SARS-CoV-2

Bello

Imam

Bello

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We previously showed that Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin inhibit SARS-COV-2 induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cells. In this study and using validated quantitative neutral red assay, we show that the inhibition of CPE is concentration dependent with Inhibitory Concentration-50(IC50) of 3.27 microM, 4.23 microM, 9.29 microM, 3.19 microM and 84.31 microM respectively. Furthermore, Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin dose dependently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease with IC50 of 0.94 microM, 0.88 microM, 1.14 microM, 1.07 microM, 1.51 microM respectively and the main protease(MPRO) with IC50 of 1.35 microM, 1.25 microM, 7.36 microM, 1.15 microM, and 2.44 microM respectively. The IC50 for all the drugs, except ivermectin, are at the clinically achievable plasma concentration in human, which supports a possible role for the drugs in the management of COVID-19. The lack of inhibition of CPE by Ivermectin at clinical concentrations could be part of the explanation for its lack of effectiveness in clinical trials.

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The Consequences of Average Curve Generation: Implications for Biomechanics Data

Cited by 4 publications

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Head boundary conditions in pedestrian crashes with passenger cars: six-degrees-of-freedom post-mortem human subject responses

Head boundary conditions in pedestrian crashes with passenger cars: six-degrees-of-freedom post-mortem human subject responses

Statistical Considerations for Evaluating Biofidelity, Repeatability, and Reproducibility of ATDs

Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin dose dependently inhibit cytopathic effect, Papain-like Protease and M^PROof SARS-CoV-2

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The Consequences of Average Curve Generation: Implications for Biomechanics Data

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Head boundary conditions in pedestrian crashes with passenger cars: six-degrees-of-freedom post-mortem human subject responses

Head boundary conditions in pedestrian crashes with passenger cars: six-degrees-of-freedom post-mortem human subject responses

Statistical Considerations for Evaluating Biofidelity, Repeatability, and Reproducibility of ATDs

Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin dose dependently inhibit cytopathic effect, Papain-like Protease and MPROof SARS-CoV-2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin dose dependently inhibit cytopathic effect, Papain-like Protease and M^PROof SARS-CoV-2