The hierarchical design approach for action based systems that is known as action reÿnement has been studied in the literature extensively. In a paper of M. Huhn published in CONCUR 1996 a reÿnement operator on a linear time logic is presented that mimics precisely a semantic action reÿnement on synchronisation structures. We present here an alternative approach where our starting point is a process algebraic setting with a syntactic action reÿnement. We present a reÿnement operator on the Modal Mu-calculus that conforms with the process algebraic reÿne-ment in the following sense: Provided some reasonable conditions are met, the transition system induced by a process term P satisÿes a Modal Mu-Calculus-speciÿcation ' if and only if the system which is induced by a reÿnement of P satisÿes a particular reÿnement of '. Alleviating these conditions, we show that each of the two implications in the equivalence assertion above can be separately proven valid for a particular fragment of the Modal Mu-calculus. We demonstrate that the obtained results can indeed be used as a hierarchical veriÿcation technique. As a further application of our results, we explain how they can be employed as an abstraction technique in order to enhance model checking techniques.