The Congressional Controversy over School Segregation, 1867-1875

Kelly, Alfred H.

doi:10.2307/1905178

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Between 1867 and 1875, a tumultuous campaign for federal legislation to abolish racial segregation in public places was waged within Congress. One of the chief targets of this civil rights reform movement was the nation's educational system, as reformers in Congress set out to create an integrated public school system (Kelly 1959; Vaughn 1974).…”

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sumner spent most of 1870 working to get a civil rights bill through Congress, but failed to muster much support (Donald 1970; McPherson 1965). Kelly (1959, 539) characterizes Sumner's quixotic campaign this way:…”

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rising to the challenge, Sumner fashioned a plan. Instead of attacking the amnesty bill head on, he and the Radicals undertook a flanking maneuver by offering a civil rights bill as a rider to the general amnesty measure (Kelly 1959, 574–51). Sumner's rider was simple and seemed very nearly to be implied by the 14th Amendment itself.…”

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sumner's ploy was quite controversial. The rider made amnesty supporters irate because it threatened to make the original amnesty bill, which required a two‐thirds majority for passage under the 14th Amendment, so distasteful that many Democrats and moderate Republicans would vote against it (Kelly 1959, 574). Moreover, the killer nature of Sumner's rider was not lost on the membership, as indicated by Senator Lyman Trumbell (R‐IL), a moderate Republican and friend of Sumner's who believed that a general amnesty measure could be delayed no longer: “I hope the amendment will be voted down .…”

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fearful of the Liberal Republican threat and the potential public backlash on the amnesty issue, Radical leaders struck a deal with Senate Democrats in an all‐night session on May 21, 1872. The civil rights rider would be removed from the general amnesty bill in exchange for the Democrats’ support of an “emasculated” civil rights bill, shorn of the mixed schools and juries clauses (Kelly 1959, 550–51). This bargain would allow the Radicals to have their cake and eat it too: passing the amnesty bill would take the wind out of the Liberal Republicans’ sails, while passing a civil rights bill, albeit a watered‐down version, would serve as a concession to Negro voters.…”

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Incidence of Killer Amendments in Congress

Jenkins¹,

Munger

2003

The Journal of Politics

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While much empirical research has been devoted to the study of "killer amendments" in recent years, few studies have explicitly examined the theoretical foundations of the phenomenon. The goal of this paper is to investigate why some killer amendment attempts are successful, when theory suggests that they should always fail. More specifically, we examine the practical political constraints on legislators' abilities to neutralize the imminent threat of killer amendments through sophisticated voting. We also present two new cases, both occurring during the Reconstruction era, in which killer amendments were used successfully. In the end, our findings support previous research on all successful killer amendments detailed in the congressional literature: race was the issue under consideration at the amendment stage.

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Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Historical Incidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Incidence of Killer Amendments in Congress

Jenkins¹,

Munger

2003

The Journal of Politics

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Hurricane Katrina and the Forgotten Coast of Mississippi

Cutter

Emrich

Mitchell

et al. 2014

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so called pea-souper fogs in London in the early 1950s, and the other of ecosystem management in Florida's Everglades. In the final chapter, Whitehead considers the psychology of the Anthropocene and considers how patterns of human behavior in everyday life might be modified to become more environmentally sustainable. He explores how patterns of environmentally transforming behavior have been molded by Fordist economics, ideologies of religion and science, and finally the supposed rationality of economic pragmatism. From individuals to broader society, Whitehead then considers various ways that policy has been employed to bring about behavior change in individuals and across society at large.Through a series of empirically rich and comprehensively, theoretically tethered chapters, Whitehead's text demonstrates the way human activity has fundamentally transformed great swathes of the global environment. Rather than offer a pronouncement as to whether the Anthropocene title should be conferred on the current geological era, a task he his happy to leave to the International Commission on Stratigraphy, Whitehead's interest is instead in advocating the recognition of Anthropocene thinking around human and environment relations not just at the global scale, but also in various local settings where they play out. He does this well, though in this respect the argument is not particularly novel; for instance, it is now more than twenty years since Bruno Latour noted that in merely opening a newspaper one could see the various ways culture and nature are churned together in local, day-to-day, settings. Where Whitehead's work excels, however, is in its accessibility and its comprehensiveness. Written in plain but accurate language, undergraduate students may easily approach the text, and the carefully selected illustrative material, impressively rich in absorbing content, further hooks the already engaged reader.-OLIVER ZANETTI, Open University HURRICANE KATRINA AND THE FORGOTTEN COAST OF MISSISSIPPI.

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