“…Most of the work on the dilation-sum problem and the dilation problem are for the particular case in which the host graph is a path, or a cycle [20].The concept of cutwidth is a special case of congestion when the host graph is a path [11,26,29]. There are several results on the congestion problem for various architectures such as trees into cycles [11], trees into stars [28], trees into hypercubes [4,22], hypercubes into grids [5,6,25], complete binary trees into grids [23], and ladders and caterpillars into hypercubes [7,10]. There are also other general results on embeddings [2].…”