The conflict in Northern Ireland: Causes, consequences, and controls.

Cairns, Ed; Darby, John

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.7.754

Cited by 183 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…For example, the 2014 Peace Monitoring Report shows that "Catholics still experience more economic and social disadvantage than Protestants" (Nolan, 2014, p.13) and that they are more likely to be unemployed and in poor health, compared to Protestants. 6 Indeed, the recent conflict in Northern Ireland, known as the "Troubles", emerged from disputes in the late 1960's over economic and political inequalities but escalated into a violent conflict over the constitutional state of Northern Ireland (Cairns & Darby, 1998). In 1998, the Good Friday/ Belfast Agreement was signed which locked both groups into a 'consociational' power-sharing arrangement and institutionalized policies of intergroup equality and good relations.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northern Ireland is an ethno-politically divided society in which historically the Protestant/British/Unionists were numerically, politically and economically superior to the Catholic/Irish/Nationalists (Cairns & Darby, 1998). In recent decades, the conflict is characterised by symbolic rather than material conflict, with group differences at the core.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond the irony of intergroup contact: The effects of contact and threat on political participation and support for political violence in Northern Ireland.

Taylor¹

2017

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

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Research suggests that intergroup contact can ironically lead to a reduction in commitment to social change and that threat can play an important role in this process. In post-agreement societies, however, characterised more so by symbolic rather than material conflict, the role that intergroup contact and threat play in social action may be particularly complex. This paper examines intergroup contact, intergroup threat, support for political violence, and political participation, among a student sample (n=152) of Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. Results show that contact is associated with lower symbolic and realistic threat for both groups, and to lower levels of support for political violence but not to political participation. Symbolic threat mediated the association between contact and support for political violence and between contact and political participation for the Protestant majority group only. This suggests that contact may have a positive effect upon group relations but that this is dependent upon status and the social-political context.

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the irony of intergroup contact: The effects of contact and threat on political participation and support for political violence in Northern Ireland.

Taylor¹

2017

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

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“…The recent conflict emerged from disputes in the late 1960's over economic and political inequalities, but escalated into a violent conflict over the constitutional state of Northern Ireland (Cairns & Darby, 1998). In 1998, the Good Friday/Belfast Agreement was signed which locked both groups into a power-sharing arrangement and institutionalized policies of intergroup equality.…”

Section: Research In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup contact and peacebuilding: Promoting youth civic engagement in Northern Ireland

McKeown

Taylor

2017

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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Focusing on the post-accord generation in Northern Ireland, this study aimed to examine the role of intergroup contact in promoting support for peacebuilding and youth civic engagement. The sample comprised 466 youth (aged 14-15; 51% Catholic, 49% Protestant) who were born after the 1998 Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and therefore represent a 'post-accord' generation. Recruited through their schools, youth completed scales on intergroup contact (quality and quantity), support for peacebuilding, and civic engagement. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and bootstrapped mediation in MPlus. Results found that support for peacebuilding partially mediated the association between higher quality and higher quantity contact and greater civic engagement (volunteering and political participation). Findings demonstrate that youth who are living with the legacy of protracted intergroup conflict can support peacebuilding and engage in constructive behaviours such as civic engagement. By recognising the peacebuilding potential of youth, especially in a post-accord generation, the findings may inform how to promote youth civic engagement and social reconstruction after conflict.Keywords: intergroup contact, youth, peacebuilding, civic engagement, volunteering, political participation, Northern Ireland, post-conflict setting Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2017, Vol. 5(2), 415-434, doi:10.5964/jspp.v5i2.769 Received: 2017-03-03. Accepted: 2017-09-14. Published (VoR): 2017-10-20.Handling Editor: Nurit Shnabel, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel *Corresponding author at: School of Education, University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, UK. E-mail: s.mckeownjones@bristol.ac.uk This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Intergroup conflict has devastating consequences on society; it affects individuals, groups and communities as well as wider social and national structures. Understanding how to support constructive outcomes following conflict is therefore of urgent importance, especially for the next generation. One way to do this is through promoting positive and meaningful interactions between groups (Allport, 1954). Indeed, there is substantive evidence that intergroup contact reduces prejudice (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006) and growing evidence that contact promotes wider outcomes including civic engagement (Bowman, 2011;Gurin, Nagda, & Lopez, 2004). There is little research, however, which has examined the extent to which shared support towards peacebuilding that transcends intergroup boundaries mediates the relationship between contact and civic engagement. jspp.psychopen.eu | 2195-3325 Addressing this gap in the literature, the present study focuses on the extent to which the association between intergroup contact (quality and quantity)...

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“…War starts in people's cognitions (Cairns, & Darby, 1998), therefore for improvement of peace efforts focusing on related attitudes is important. Hence investigations about related attitudes appear as an important necessity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Attitudes Towards Peace With Attitudes Towards War, Social Dominance Orientation and Gender

Okumuşoğlu¹

2017

Ulakbilge

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The aim of this study is investigation of the attitudes towards peace in relation with attitudes towards war, social dominance orientation and gender. Participants were 74 university students (42 women). Age range is 18-24. Attitudes Towards Peace and War Inventory (Bizumic et al., 2013) and Social Dominance Orientation Scale (Sidanius, Levin & Pratto, 1996) were used. Results revealed that, attitudes towards peace, has negative relationship with attitudes towards war and social dominance orientation. Analysis also revealed that social dominance orientation has positive correlation with attitudes towards war. According to stepwise regression analysis attitudes towards war explain the %31 of the variance of attitudes towards peace. Social dominance orientation and attitudes towards war together explain %35.6 of the variance of attitudes towards peace. Analysis revealed no statistically significant gender based or economic status based differences in terms of attitudes towards peace, attitudes towards war and social dominance orientation. Results pointed out that rise of social dominance orientation and attitudes favoring war are related with reduction in attitudes towards peace. Findings revealed that in order to construct really sustainable peace it is important to work for positive changes in terms of social dominance orientation and attitudes towards war. To be able to hope existence of sustainable peace in world's future, development of education campaigns to prevent enormous increase of social dominance orientations seems vitally important.

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The conflict in Northern Ireland: Causes, consequences, and controls.

Cited by 183 publications

References 15 publications

Beyond the irony of intergroup contact: The effects of contact and threat on political participation and support for political violence in Northern Ireland.

Beyond the irony of intergroup contact: The effects of contact and threat on political participation and support for political violence in Northern Ireland.

Intergroup contact and peacebuilding: Promoting youth civic engagement in Northern Ireland

The Relationship of Attitudes Towards Peace With Attitudes Towards War, Social Dominance Orientation and Gender

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