Abstract:In real-world intergroup conflict, not all in-group members are equally threatened by the out-group. Yet, the impact of intragroup payoff asymmetry on the inclination to mutually cooperate during intergroup conflict and therefore to protect against out-group attacks, i.e., the “conflict-cooperation effect,” has not been investigated so far. In Study 1, we replicate previous research by using a novel experimental game paradigm, showing increased intragroup cooperation in the presence (vs. absence) of out-group … Show more
“…Such a display of within-group solidarity is difficult to explain from an expected value perspective. It fits, however, the hypothesis that unpredictable environments increase parochialism and intergroup conflict, even for those individuals that are less affected [8,63]. At the aggregate level, we replicated Experiment 1.…”
Section: Experimental Methods and Resultssupporting
confidence: 61%
“…Such a display of within-group solidarity is difficult to explain from an expected value perspective. It fits, however, the hypothesis that unpredictable environments increase parochialism and intergroup conflict, even for those individuals that are less affected [ 8 , 63 ]. Figure 3 Group dynamics in attacker groups when they face aligned versus misaligned environmental unpredictability (AE), with all members in the aligned condition being at round 1 under u = 0.4, and in the misaligned conditions being at u = 0.2 versus 0.4 versus 0.6.…”
Section: Experimental Methods and Resultssupporting
Peaceful coexistence and trade among human groups can be fragile and intergroup relations frequently transition to violent exchange and conflict. Here we specify how exogenous changes in groups' environment and ensuing carrying-capacity stress can increase individual participation in intergroup conflict, and out-group aggression in particular. In two intergroup contest experiments, individuals could contribute private resources to out-group aggression (versus in-group defense). Environmental unpredictability, induced by making non-invested resources subject to risk of destruction (versus not), created psychological stress and increased participation in and coordination of out-group attacks. Archival analyses of interstate conflicts showed, likewise, that sovereign states engage in revisionist warfare more when their pre-conflict economic and climatic environment were more volatile and unpredictable. Given that participation in conflict is wasteful, environmental unpredictability not only made groups more often victorious but also less wealthy. Macro-level changes in the natural and economic environment can be a root cause of out-group aggression and turn benign intergroup relations violent.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Intergroup conflict across taxa’.
“…Such a display of within-group solidarity is difficult to explain from an expected value perspective. It fits, however, the hypothesis that unpredictable environments increase parochialism and intergroup conflict, even for those individuals that are less affected [8,63]. At the aggregate level, we replicated Experiment 1.…”
Section: Experimental Methods and Resultssupporting
confidence: 61%
“…Such a display of within-group solidarity is difficult to explain from an expected value perspective. It fits, however, the hypothesis that unpredictable environments increase parochialism and intergroup conflict, even for those individuals that are less affected [ 8 , 63 ]. Figure 3 Group dynamics in attacker groups when they face aligned versus misaligned environmental unpredictability (AE), with all members in the aligned condition being at round 1 under u = 0.4, and in the misaligned conditions being at u = 0.2 versus 0.4 versus 0.6.…”
Section: Experimental Methods and Resultssupporting
Peaceful coexistence and trade among human groups can be fragile and intergroup relations frequently transition to violent exchange and conflict. Here we specify how exogenous changes in groups' environment and ensuing carrying-capacity stress can increase individual participation in intergroup conflict, and out-group aggression in particular. In two intergroup contest experiments, individuals could contribute private resources to out-group aggression (versus in-group defense). Environmental unpredictability, induced by making non-invested resources subject to risk of destruction (versus not), created psychological stress and increased participation in and coordination of out-group attacks. Archival analyses of interstate conflicts showed, likewise, that sovereign states engage in revisionist warfare more when their pre-conflict economic and climatic environment were more volatile and unpredictable. Given that participation in conflict is wasteful, environmental unpredictability not only made groups more often victorious but also less wealthy. Macro-level changes in the natural and economic environment can be a root cause of out-group aggression and turn benign intergroup relations violent.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Intergroup conflict across taxa’.
“…Thus, othering, punishment, or distancing may result with the intention of protecting the in-group's image (Castano, Yzerbyt, Bourguignon, et al, 2002; Kteily et al, 2014). Thus, group conflict can increase member trust and cooperation (Theelen & Böhm, 2021).…”
Section: In-groups and Out-groupsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In response to threat, in-group members express a “more a positive stereotype of the in-group” (Hutchison & Abrams, 2003, p. 503). Although threats can be perceived differently by different group members, inclusion can lead non-threatened group members to cooperate with, and assist, threatened group members (Theelen & Böhm, 2021). Researchers propose in-group status alleviates fears related to personal identity, versus actual mortality (Castano, Yzerbyt, Paladino, et al, 2002).…”
Correctional officers (COs) work in a unique climate of continual carceral care, balancing interpersonal relationships, prison dynamics, with organizational and occupational duties. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with COs ( n = 72) employed in federal penitentiaries in Canada, we explore factors influencing CO culture and peer acceptance. Using a constructed semi-grounded approach, we analyze how CO behaviors and values shape CO culture and illustrate how proving oneself is fundamental to in-group acceptance. Findings support the importance of proving oneself to CO acceptance, through developing trust, putting in time, performance, work ethic, showing respect, and by having each other's backs on the job.
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