“…Dominant British and North American definitions of abuse are almost exclusively concerned with abuse within the family, contributing to a climate which can leave both parents and foster carers feeling targetted rather than empowered. These definitions are criticised for taking inadequate account of the economic and social contexts of people's lives and of the abuse caused by discrimination (Marneffe, 1992, Violence Against Children Study Group, 1990Jones, 1993). However, there is an alternative, supported by cross-national and cross-cultural research.…”