THE CONDUCTIVITY OF DILUTE SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS UNDER SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS<sup>1</sup>

Corwin, James F.; Bayless, Robert G.; Owen, G. E.

doi:10.1021/j100834a028

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Most previous studies [18,23,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] report the electrical properties not as specific conductance (κ) but as the equivalent conductance (Λ). The equivalent conductance is defined as Λ ≡ κ/N where N is the normality in a NaCl (aq) solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

Yoon¹,

Riglin²,

Sharan³

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Speciﬁc conductance and frequency-dependent resistance (impedance) data are widely utilized for understanding the physicochemical characteristics of aqueous and non-aqueous ﬂuids and for evaluating the performance of chemical processes. However, the implementation of such an in-situ probe in high-temperature and high-pressure environments is not trivial. This work provides a description of both the hardware and software associated with implementing a parallel-type in-situ electrochemical sensor. The sensor can be used for in-line monitoring of thermal desalination processes and for impedance measurements in ﬂuids at high temperature and pressure. A comparison between the experimental measurements on the speciﬁc conductance in aqueous sodium chloride solutions and the conductance model demonstrate that the methodology yields reasonable agreement with both the model and literature data. A combination of hardware components, a softwarebased correction for experimental artifacts, and computational ﬂuid dynamics (CFD) calculations used in this work provide a sound basis for implementing such in-situ electrochemical sensors to measure frequency-dependent resistance spectra.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

Yoon¹,

Riglin²,

Sharan³

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Such studies have usually involved a fourth implicit (but incorrect) assumption: that an electrolyte solution in the vapour phase is homogeneous at equilibrium. It had been shown decades ago that fairly near to, but 16 K above, their critical points, solutions of sodium chloride are significantly stratified at equilibrium (Corwin et al . 1960).…”

Section: Background To the Electrochemical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fragmented science of ball lightning (with comment)

Turner¹

2001

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Seri

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All the apparent anomalies in ball lightning behaviour seem to result from electrochemical processes which arise at the surface of a wet air plasma. The structure and stability of an established lightning ball are maintained by these processes and the ball operates as a thermochemical heat pump powered by the electric field of a thunderstorm. Movements result from asymmetries in the various fields which control the structure. In addition to electric, electromagnetic and gravitational fields, temperature, pressure and compositional gradients can be involved. Electrochemistry provides a framework within which specific properties can be considered using better developed or more appropriate disciplines. Several commonly made assumptions and approximations are identified which can be invalid under the specific conditions which favour ball lightning stability. If any of these limitations is ignored, seriously misleading conclusions may result. The range of power associated with lightning balls is ill defined but may vary continuously between that of globes which lack a bright centre and that of normal lightning. Our failure to contain plasmas electrochemically for more than a few seconds probably reflects our inability to balance (or even measure) the various fields which govern a ball's stability. All the fields may need to be controlled before electrochemistry can usefully be employed to contain plasmas.

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“…As part of the present study, this literature compilation of hydrothermal conductivity studies on NaCl was updated. The results ,,,,,,,− are tabulated in Table . This compilation includes only the published studies extending to temperatures above 373 K and concentrations below ∼ 10 –3 mol·L –1 , consistent with our focus on limiting conductivities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

2012

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Frequency-dependent electrical conductivities of solutions of aqueous sodium chloride have been measured from T = 298 K to T = 623 K at p = 20 MPa, over a very wide range of ionic strength (2·10 −5 to 0.17 mol·kg −1 ) using a unique highprecision flow-through alternating current (AC) electrical conductance instrument. Experimental values for the equivalent conductivity, Λ, were used to calculate molar conductivities at infinite dilution, Λ°, using the Fuoss−Hsia−Fernandez−Prini (FHFP) and Turq−Blum−Bernard−Kunz (TBBK) ionic conductivity models. The resulting values for the limiting conductivity Λ°and the ion association constant of NaCl, from this work and critically evaluated literature data above 277 K, were represented to within the combined experimental uncertainties, as functions of viscosity and solvent density, respectively. New values and new correlations are reported for the limiting equivalent conductivities of the sodium ion, λ°(Na + ), and the chloride ion, λ°(Cl − ) from 277 K and 100 kPa to 1073 K and 500 MPa.

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THE CONDUCTIVITY OF DILUTE SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS UNDER SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS¹

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

The fragmented science of ball lightning (with comment)

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

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THE CONDUCTIVITY OF DILUTE SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS UNDER SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS1

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

An in-situ conductometric apparatus for physicochemical characterization of solutions and in-line monitoring of separation processes at elevated temperatures and pressures

The fragmented science of ball lightning (with comment)

Limiting Conductivities and Ion Association Constants of Aqueous NaCl under Hydrothermal Conditions: Experimental Data and Correlations

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Product

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THE CONDUCTIVITY OF DILUTE SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS UNDER SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS¹