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Abstract:Behavioral economic theory has proved useful for understanding the influence of delay and probability on sexual health decision‐making. Demand is another principle at the intersection of microeconomics and psychology that has helped advance research relevant to health behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to develop and test a demand measure related to sexual health decision‐making and the influence of sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. Participants (N = 438) recruited using Amazon Mechanical… Show more
“…Past community‐level studies showed that the location of freely available condoms robustly controlled whether individuals took them (Amass et al, 1993; Carrigan et al, 1995; Honne & Kleinke, 1990). Prior work using the SDDT or a variant called the Sexual Probability Discounting Task (see review by Johnson et al, 2020) used behavioral economics to provide additional clarity on the role of temporal delays or risk of acquiring an STI as a context for condom acquisition, while Strickland et al (2020) added the impact of financial costs on condom purchasing. Our study is the first to demonstrate the interaction of delays and costs on how participants make choices to forego condoms, and more importantly, whether the decision to forego condoms results in abstinence or unprotected sex.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The CoPT instructs individuals to report their subjective willingness to purchase a box 2 of condoms – described as their “preferred brand and type” – at each of 17 prices ranging from $0.05‐$233 (prices from $1 to $233 follow the Fibonacci sequence;). This task extends upon that of Strickland et al (2020) in that it is not asking participants to indicate how many condoms they would purchase, but rather if they would have sex with a partner and if they would purchase and use a condom for that encounter. We delivered the following instructions to participants prior to task completion:“Imagine you are shopping at your local grocery store when you get a text message from your sexual partner stating that they are home alone for the next hour and want you to come over in order to have sex.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The CoPT is dissimilar to many of the more standard purchase tasks present in the literature in two key respects. First, participants responded to the question of whether they would purchase a commodity at each of the ascending prices, rather than how many units of a commodity they would purchase as is common in purchase tasks assessing demand for consumables (e.g., tobacco; Aston et al, 2015; alcohol; Kaplan & Reed, 2018; marijuana; MacKillop et al, 2008; condoms; Strickland et al, 2020). In this respect, the task constituted a hypothetical version of a progressive ratio schedule (Hodos, 1961).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We thereby submit that the novel application of a reinforcement pathologies perspective on condom use would provide a substantive advancement to the literature. We note that previous behavioral economic work has demonstrated the role of discounting of (see review by Johnson et al, 2020) and demand for condom availability (e.g., Strickland et al, 2020) in risky sexual decisions, yet we are aware of no study to date that examines the intersection of delay discounting of and demand for condoms within an explicit reinforcement pathologies framework.…”
mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…More recently, the purchase task procedure has been extended to measure valuation for protected sexual activity via condom demand (Strickland et al, 2020). That study evaluated a Condom Purchase Task that involved purchases of condoms for use with a sexual partner over a one-month period (cf.…”
Condom use substantially reduces unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. While condom availability is a significant public health priority, effects of condom availability constraints remain relatively under‐researched. The limited research on condom availability suggests two major barriers to use: (1) effort/costs and (2) delay to access. To date, we are aware of no study that explores both demand for and discounting of condom availability; the focus of this study was to account for condom decisions using a reinforcement pathology framework. This study used a condom purchase task and the Sexual Delay Discounting Task to quantify behavioral economics of condom use. Low sexual discounting was associated with higher willingness to engage unprotected sex. Demand metrics suggest participants indicating abstinence at condom breakpoint were willing to pay nearly double for condoms relative to individuals indicating unprotected sex at breakpoint. Finally, we grouped participants into reinforcement pathology risk groups based on their discounting and demand indices; these groups significantly differed in self‐reported number of sexual partners, unprotected sexual partners, and Sexual Desire scores. This study demonstrates the value of behavioral economic approaches to public health concerns, and further underscores the translational benefits of quantitative metrics to shed novel light on risky health decisions.
“…Past community‐level studies showed that the location of freely available condoms robustly controlled whether individuals took them (Amass et al, 1993; Carrigan et al, 1995; Honne & Kleinke, 1990). Prior work using the SDDT or a variant called the Sexual Probability Discounting Task (see review by Johnson et al, 2020) used behavioral economics to provide additional clarity on the role of temporal delays or risk of acquiring an STI as a context for condom acquisition, while Strickland et al (2020) added the impact of financial costs on condom purchasing. Our study is the first to demonstrate the interaction of delays and costs on how participants make choices to forego condoms, and more importantly, whether the decision to forego condoms results in abstinence or unprotected sex.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The CoPT instructs individuals to report their subjective willingness to purchase a box 2 of condoms – described as their “preferred brand and type” – at each of 17 prices ranging from $0.05‐$233 (prices from $1 to $233 follow the Fibonacci sequence;). This task extends upon that of Strickland et al (2020) in that it is not asking participants to indicate how many condoms they would purchase, but rather if they would have sex with a partner and if they would purchase and use a condom for that encounter. We delivered the following instructions to participants prior to task completion:“Imagine you are shopping at your local grocery store when you get a text message from your sexual partner stating that they are home alone for the next hour and want you to come over in order to have sex.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The CoPT is dissimilar to many of the more standard purchase tasks present in the literature in two key respects. First, participants responded to the question of whether they would purchase a commodity at each of the ascending prices, rather than how many units of a commodity they would purchase as is common in purchase tasks assessing demand for consumables (e.g., tobacco; Aston et al, 2015; alcohol; Kaplan & Reed, 2018; marijuana; MacKillop et al, 2008; condoms; Strickland et al, 2020). In this respect, the task constituted a hypothetical version of a progressive ratio schedule (Hodos, 1961).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We thereby submit that the novel application of a reinforcement pathologies perspective on condom use would provide a substantive advancement to the literature. We note that previous behavioral economic work has demonstrated the role of discounting of (see review by Johnson et al, 2020) and demand for condom availability (e.g., Strickland et al, 2020) in risky sexual decisions, yet we are aware of no study to date that examines the intersection of delay discounting of and demand for condoms within an explicit reinforcement pathologies framework.…”
mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…More recently, the purchase task procedure has been extended to measure valuation for protected sexual activity via condom demand (Strickland et al, 2020). That study evaluated a Condom Purchase Task that involved purchases of condoms for use with a sexual partner over a one-month period (cf.…”
Condom use substantially reduces unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. While condom availability is a significant public health priority, effects of condom availability constraints remain relatively under‐researched. The limited research on condom availability suggests two major barriers to use: (1) effort/costs and (2) delay to access. To date, we are aware of no study that explores both demand for and discounting of condom availability; the focus of this study was to account for condom decisions using a reinforcement pathology framework. This study used a condom purchase task and the Sexual Delay Discounting Task to quantify behavioral economics of condom use. Low sexual discounting was associated with higher willingness to engage unprotected sex. Demand metrics suggest participants indicating abstinence at condom breakpoint were willing to pay nearly double for condoms relative to individuals indicating unprotected sex at breakpoint. Finally, we grouped participants into reinforcement pathology risk groups based on their discounting and demand indices; these groups significantly differed in self‐reported number of sexual partners, unprotected sexual partners, and Sexual Desire scores. This study demonstrates the value of behavioral economic approaches to public health concerns, and further underscores the translational benefits of quantitative metrics to shed novel light on risky health decisions.
The principles of social justice, equity, diversity, inclusion (JEDI) have received increasing attention in behavior analysis circles, but the conversation has largely centered on implications for applied behavior analysis practice and research. It may be less clear to researchers who conduct basic and translational research how JEDI principles can inform and inspire their work. This article synthesizes publications from behavior analysis and other scientific fields about tactics of JEDI‐informed research. We organized this scholarship across five stages of research from developing the research question to sharing findings and curated sources for an audience of behavioral science researchers. We discuss reflexive practice, representation, belongingness, participatory research, quantitative critical theory, and open science, among other topics. Some researchers may have already adopted some of the practices outlined, some may begin new practices, and some may choose to conduct experimental analyses of JEDI problems. Our hope is that those actions will be reinforced by the behavior analysis scientific community. We conclude by encouraging the leadership of this journal to continue to work toward the structural changes necessary to make the experimental analysis of behavior just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive.
The present study determined whether behavioral economic demand analysis could characterize mothers' decision to exclusively breastfeed in the workplace. Females, aged between 18 and 50 who have given birth in the past three years, completed a novel demand task with hypothetical scenarios, in which they returned to work with a 2-month-old baby. Participants rated their likelihood of breastfeeding their baby at a workplace lactation room versus formula-feeding their baby at their desk. The distance to the lactation room ranged from 10 s to 60 min. This assessment was conducted with and without hypothetical financial incentives for 6-month exclusive breastfeeding. Primary dependent measures were demand intensity and change in demand elasticity, which could conceptually represent initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, respectively. Demand for breastfeeding was more intense and less elastic (i.e., more likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding) among mothers with an experience of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding and under the condition with the financial incentives. The novel demand task can potentially provide a useful behavioral marker for quantifying mothers' decision to initiate and continue exclusive breastfeeding in the workplace, informing workplace policy regarding lactation rooms, identifying risk for early cessation, and developing and individualizing an intervention to assist mothers to exclusively breastfeed in the workplace.
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