“…Abusive behaviours also recognized are deprivation, financial exploitation, neglect, and intimidation (British Columbia Criminal Justice Branch Ministry of Justice, 2013). For the purposes of this project, the terms violence against women in relationships (VAWIR), male violence against women in relationships ( Walker, 1990), or domestic violence against women (Rossiter, 2011) are used. Many terms are employed to reflect violence in relationships, which include female and male victims, such as intimate partner violence, spousal violence, and family violence, but they disguise the gender-base of the crime, and may actually hide the issue rather than uncovering it (Coates & Ridley, 2009;Coates & Wade, 2004;Rossitter, 2011).…”