The concept of validation in performance-based fire safety engineering

Borg, Audun; Njå, Ove

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2012.03.011

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Quantitative risk analysis differs from other areas of applied science as it attempts to model events that are unlikely to occur, so the validity of the risk assessment model needs to be verified. Borg et al summarized two major risk interpretations and made recommendations for the validity of risk assessments based on different risk interpretations [37]. Aven explained the general definitions As shown in Figure 4, when "Toxic and harmful gas concentration" transfers from "Critical point not reached" to "Reach the critical point", the probability of "Yes" of "Safety" drops from 0.913 to 0.001, the probability that the "Critical state" is in the state "Yes" increases from 0.04 to 0.799, and the probability of "Yes" of "Casualties" increases from 0.035 to 0.17.…”

Section: Validity Of Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validity Of Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment of Gas Leakage from School Laboratories Based on the Bayesian Network

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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In recent years, concerns about the safety of laboratories have been caused by several serious accidents in school laboratories. Gas leaks in the laboratory are often difficult to detect and cause serious consequences. In this study, a comprehensive model based on the Bayesian network is established for the assessment of the gas leaks evolution process and consequences in school laboratories. The model can quantitatively evaluate the factors affecting the probability and consequences of gas leakage. The results show that a model is an effective tool for assessing the risk of gas leakage. Among the various factors, the unsafe behavior of personnel has the greatest impact on the probability of gas leakage, and the concentration of toxic and harmful gases is the main factor affecting the consequences of accidents. Since the probability distribution of each node is obtained based on the experience of experts, there is a deviation in the quantitative calculation of the probability of gas leakage and consequences, but does not affect the risk analysis. This study could quantitatively assess the probability and consequences of gas leakage in the laboratory, and identify vulnerabilities, which helps improve the safety management level of gas in the school laboratory and reducing the possibility of gas leakage posing a threat to personal safety.

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Section: Validity Of Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validity Of Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Gas Leakage from School Laboratories Based on the Bayesian Network

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[6][7][8][9] In addition, fire safety engineering represents the use of scientific and engineering rules, facts, basics, tents and expert opinion based on an insight on the phenomena, and the impacts of fire and of human reaction to fire in order to protect people, property, and the environment from the harsh effects of fires. 10 The misuse of buildings, insufficiency of suitable maintenance of fire service domains, lack of necessary building equipment, damaged doors, and inappropriateness of escape and emergency exits lead to deadly fires. 11 The implementation of an appropriate safety management system is a preventive action for the protection of old buildings from the potential hazards; however, the establishment and improvement of fire safety measures in such buildings is still a requirement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing safety level and recognizing flaws of commercial centers through data mining approach

Haeri

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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The construction industry, including buildings and commercial centers, is a dynamic industry with diverse and complex nature, which makes its safety provision difficult. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety status of commercial centers and their classification based on common features; and to uncover the hidden relationships between characteristics of the commercial centers under study by means of data mining techniques. Data required for this study were collected based on a 75-item checklist designed for this study. Indeed, this study included 108 commercial centers. Thereafter, the commercial centers under study were divided into three categories, labeled unsafe, normal, and safe by means of K-means algorithm. The results obtained from the implementation of classification method showed that the two resources, namely, fire protection systems and buildings, played a critical role in the safety of studied commercial centers. The results of in-depth analysis on unsafe commercial centers indicated that these centers have common weaknesses. These weak areas include such items as deficiency of the standards required for the equipment associated with some resources, insufficient training in the use of firefighting equipment, the necessity of the employment of redundant approaches for exit from the building in emergency conditions, and non-feasibility of conducting of operations for firefighting vehicles and lifts. Urban planners and managers and safety officials of the buildings, particularly commercial centers, can apply the results of this study as strategic guidelines.

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“…They are better flame retardants when hydrocarbons ignite. However, these foams also combine with soil particles on long-term, causing a mixed contamination situation along with the remaining nonignited hydrocarbon (Nolan 2011;Borg and Njå 2013). Therefore, petroleum pollution can be intensified by such firefighting foams, due to their formulation, which is mostly based on fluorinated substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorinated waste and firefighting activities: biodegradation of hydrocarbons from petrochemical refinery soil co-contaminated with halogenated foams

Montagnolli

Lopes

Bidóia

2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Perfluorinated compounds, including fluorotelomers, are important constituents of firefighting foams to extinguish fuel fires in the petrochemical industry, airports, and at fire-training sites. In this study, we monitored the biodegradation process in a co-contamination scenario with monoaromatic hydrocarbons commonly found in fuels (benzene, toluene) and fluorotelomers. The CO production rates were evaluated by a factorial design taking into account the effect of seasonality at in situ natural attenuation processes. Headspace analysis by gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) was applied to detect CO production, whereas monoaromatics were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to our results, seasonality had a detectable effect during summer, yielding different CO production rates. Higher temperatures increased CO production rate, while higher concentrations of fluorotelomer inhibited the biodegradation process. On average, benzene and toluene were depleted 17.5 days earlier in control assays without fluorotelomers. Toluene removal efficiency was also notably higher than benzene. The noticeable decrease in degradation rates of monoaromatics was caused by perfluorinated compounds that are possibly linked to metabolic inhibition mechanisms. Fluorotelomer diminished catabolism in all of our batch cultures. In addition to this, an alternative production of by-products could be detected. Thus, we propose that transient components of the benzene and toluene degradation may be differentially formed, causing the benzene, toluene, and perfluorinated co-contaminations to go through switched metabolic stages under the presence of fluoride in a contamination scenario.

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The concept of validation in performance-based fire safety engineering

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Risk Assessment of Gas Leakage from School Laboratories Based on the Bayesian Network

Risk Assessment of Gas Leakage from School Laboratories Based on the Bayesian Network

Analyzing safety level and recognizing flaws of commercial centers through data mining approach

Fluorinated waste and firefighting activities: biodegradation of hydrocarbons from petrochemical refinery soil co-contaminated with halogenated foams

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