The concept of uncertainty in animal experiments using aversive stimulation.

Imada, Hiroshi; Nageishi, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.573

Cited by 96 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Among the different, subtle dimensions of perceived control (Ajzen, 1991), cognitive control is essential and requires a person to predict probable sequences of an event and understand the implications of those consequences, which closely resembles the script theory model (Bateson, 1985). Cognitive control mitigates uncertainty (Imada and Nageishi, 1982); increases the service value that customers perceive (Bateson, 1985); and clarifies a situation, particularly with regard to the need for service involvement (Botvinick et al, 2001).…”

Section: Perceived (Cognitive) Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

e-SELFQUAL: A scale for measuring online self-service quality

Ding

Sheng

2011

Journal of Business Research

175

131

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Section: Perceived (Cognitive) Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

e-SELFQUAL: A scale for measuring online self-service quality

Ding

Sheng

2011

Journal of Business Research

175

131

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“…In other words, some mothers often attend aversively to both problematic and prosocial child behaviors, thus providing their children with a relatively unpredictable interactional context. Laboratory work with animals (e.g., Badia, Harsh, & Abbott, 1979;Imada & Nageishi, 1982) and humans (Epstein & Roupenian, 1970;Staub, Tursky, & Schwartz, 1971) In summary, the compliance and uncertainty hypotheses assume that different stimulus control processes account for the maintenance of pathological aversive interchanges between parent and child. Both hypotheses provide reasonable accounts as to how these people might engage one another in potentially harmful bouts of coercion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance Factors in Coercive Mother‐child Interactions: The Compliance and Predictability Hypotheses

Wahler

Dumas

1986

J of App Behav Analysis

181

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Two stimulus control processes by which some parent-child dyads occasionally escalate their aversive exchanges into progressively more coercive interactions are described. The compliance hypothesis suggests that aversive actions have instructional properties for the dyad and that parent compliance with such child instructions maintains behavior chains of increasing aversiveness. The predictability hypothesis suggests that social interactions are most likely to function as aversive stimuli in the dyad when delivered in unpredictable fashion by either party and that responses instrumental in reducing dyadic unpredictability maintain aversive behavior chains. Expectations derived from both hypotheses are evaluated in a series of correlational analyses of mother-child interactions obtained in extended baseline observations of three dyads seeking psychological help for severe interactional problems. Results provide tentative support for the predictability hypothesis and suggest important avenues of further research.

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“…In their recent paper, Imada and Nageishi (1982) gave considerable evidence supporting the view that rats can use external cues and temporal cues. As to the rat's ability to use frequency cues, however, the results were rather inconclusive.…”

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confidence: 92%

Can a rat count?

Shuku

Moriya

1983

Animal Learning & Behavior

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A 2 X 2 factorial experiment was conducted in a licking-suppression situation to test if a rat could count the number of shocks given in a 5·min session under signaled and unsignaled shock conditions. Groups F received three .7-sec grid shocks per session throughout 80 sessions, whereas Groups V received, on any day, one, two, three, four, or five shocks, with a mean of three shocks. The rats' counting ability was assessed in terms of the post-third-shock acceleration of licking. The results of this measure were compared between Groups F and Groups V on test days in which both groups received three shocks with the identical shock sequence. There was no evidence that rats could count under either signaled or unsignaled shock conditions. The basal rate of licking was less in groups run under the unsignaled shock condition than under the signaled shock condition. The effect of fixed/variable shock frequency upon basal rate of licking was not significant. The results are discussed with reference to the optimal shock density view of Davis and Memmott (1982).Rats in an aversive situation are known to use various cues as predictors of danger and safety. Predictors may be such salient cues as tones and lights, as well as relatively subtle ones such as temporal cues and frequency cues. In a conditioned suppression situation, the rat's baseline behavior is suppressed in the presence of cues that predict danger, and the behavior recovers in the absence of dangerous cues or in the presence of safe cues. When, in an aversive situation, such cues are absent or when rats are unable to use these cues even when such cues are physically present, the baseline behavior is "chronically" suppressed.In their recent paper, Imada and Nageishi (1982) gave considerable evidence supporting the view that rats can use external cues and temporal cues. As to the rat's ability to use frequency cues, however, the results were rather inconclusive. The present paper, then, addressed the problem of the rat's ability to use a frequency cue as a predictor of safety. Davis and Memmott (1982) recently made an excellent, extensive review of counting behavior in animals and concluded that successful demonstrations of learning to count in animals were most likely to occur under relatively extreme experimental conditions in which alternative predictors of food or safety were unavailable. Experimental studies on counting behavior in rats by Davis and his collaborators formally started with the study by Davis, Memmott, and Hurwitz (1975). They found that when three unsignaled shocks were invariably given superimposed This research was supported in part by a grant in aid of scientific research awarded to Hiroshi lmada for the years 1982-1983 by the Murao Foundation, Kobe, Japan. The authors' mailing address is: Department of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinorniya, Hyogo 662, Japan. 396 upon a 30-min session of barpressing, rats came to behave as though they had learned, "If three shocks, then no more shocks." More specifically, barpressing was ...

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The concept of uncertainty in animal experiments using aversive stimulation.

Cited by 96 publications

References 49 publications

e-SELFQUAL: A scale for measuring online self-service quality

e-SELFQUAL: A scale for measuring online self-service quality

Maintenance Factors in Coercive Mother‐child Interactions: The Compliance and Predictability Hypotheses

Can a rat count?

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