The Concept of Stress and Its Relevance for Animal Behavior

Holst, Dietrich von

doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60362-9

Cited by 328 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 306 publications

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“…An important feature of the present stress manipulations is their episodic nature, which differs from the life-threatening effects of continuous subordination stress (Blanchard et al, 1985;Miczek et al, 1991;Von Holst, 1998;Lucassen et al, 2001;Carr, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Covington

Kikusui

Goodhue

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

110

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Social stress can engender behavioral and neural sensitization and this process appears to enhance the transition to compulsive drug abuse. Exposures to brief social defeat stress in rats have significant consequences on cocaine-reinforced behavior and on the level of functional activation within regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The objectives of the current study were to examine the enduring consequences of brief episodes of social defeat stress on cocaine bingeing (during 24 h of continuous access) and on the emergence of neural adaptations as revealed by zif268 immediate early gene expression. Adult, male Long-Evans rats were subjected to four 25 min episodes of social defeat (once every 72 h). After 2 months, cocaine binges or zif268 mRNA gene expression were studied after confirming behavioral cross-sensitization to stimulant challenge. Sensitization to social defeat increased cocaine intake during a 24 h binge, effectively abolishing the typical circadian pattern of intake. Furthermore, 60 days after exposure to the sensitizing regimen of social defeat, levels of functional activation, measured by zif268 mRNA expression, in the central and medial amygdala were increased, while levels of activation in the medial prefrontal cortex were decreased. Persistent stress-induced levels of zif268 in the central and medial amygdala were attenuated by an injection of amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg). Divergent changes in zif268 within the amygdala and cortex 2 months after social defeat stress indicate the vulnerability of distinct cellular populations in networks that modulate the behavioral actions of psychomotor stimulants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Covington

Kikusui

Goodhue

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

110

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“…Furthermore, the distinct results for FCM and PC are not surprising because PC can change by a factor of 10 or more within minutes and is influenced by regular periodicities and also by the sampling procedure (von Holst, 1998). Therefore, interpretation of cortisol levels based on a single blood sample might be imprecise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing feed efficiency in beef steers through feeding behavior, infrared thermography and glucocorticoids

Montanholi

Swanson

Palme

et al. 2010

Animal

124

115

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A better understanding of the factors regulating feed efficiency and their potential as predictors of feed efficiency in cattle is needed. Therefore, the potential of three classes of traits, namely, feeding behavior characteristics: daily time at feeder (TF; min/day), time per meal (TM; min), meal size (MS; g DM), eating rate (ER; g DM/min), number of daily meals (NM) and daily visits to the feeder (VF); infrared (IR) thermography traits (8C): eye (EY), cheek (CK), snout (SN), ribs (RB) and hind area (HA); and glucocorticoid levels: fecal cortisol metabolites (FCM; ng/g) and plasma cortisol (PC; ng/ml) as predictors of efficiency were evaluated in 91 steers (436 6 37 kg) over 2 years (Y1 5 46; Y2 5 45). Additionally, the individual traits of each of these three classes were combined to define three single traits. Individual daily feed intake of a corn silage and high-moisture cornbased diet was measured using an automated feeding system. Body weight and thermographs were taken every 28 days over a period of 140 days. Four productive performance traits were calculated: daily dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed to gain ratio (F : G) and residual feed intake (RFI). Steers were also classified into three RFI categories (low-, medium-and high-RFI). Among the feeding behavior characteristics, MS and ER were correlated with all efficiency traits (range: 0.26 to 0.75). Low-RFI (more efficient steers) had smaller MS, lower ER and fewer VF in comparison to high-RFI steers. Less efficient steers (high-RFI) performed more VF during the nocturnal period than more efficient steers. More efficient steers had lower CK and SN temperatures than less efficient steers (28.18C v. 29.28C and 30.08C v. 31.28C), indicating greater energetic efficiency for low-RFI steers. In terms of glucocorticoids, PC was not correlated with efficiency traits. In contrast, more efficient steers had higher FCM in comparison to less efficient steers (51.1 v. 31.2 ng/g), indicating that a higher cortisol baseline is related to better feed efficiency. The overall evaluation of the three classes of traits revealed that feeding behavior, IR thermography and glucocorticoids accounted for 18%, 59% and 7% of the total variation associated with RFI, respectively. These classes of traits have usefulness in the indirect assessment of feed efficiency in cattle. Among them, IR thermography was the most promising alternative to screen cattle for this feed efficiency. These findings might have application in selection programs and in the better understanding of the biological basis associated with productive performance.

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“…through effects of social support [6]), but it can also result in severe stress, eventually leading to disease and even death (e.g. in the case of social defeat, social instability or crowding [7]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural profiles are shaped by social experience: when, how and why

Sachser

Kaiser

Hennessy

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

133

158

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The comprehensive understanding of individual variation in behavioural profiles is a current and timely topic not only in behavioural ecology, but also in biopsychological and biomedical research. This study focuses on the shaping of behavioural profiles by the social environment in mammals. We review evidence that the shaping of behavioural profiles occurs from the prenatal phase through adolescence and beyond. We focus specifically on adolescence, a sensitive phase during which environmental stimuli have distinctive effects on the modulation of behavioural profiles. We discuss causation, in particular, how behavioural profiles are shaped by social stimuli through behavioural and neuroendocrine processes. We postulate a central role for maternal hormones during the prenatal phase, for maternal behaviour during lactation and for the interaction of testosterone and stress hormones during adolescence. We refer to evolutionary history and attempt to place developmental shaping into broader evolutionary historical trends. Finally, we address survival value. We argue that the shaping of behavioural profiles by environmental stimuli from the prenatal phase through adolescence represents an effective mechanism for repeated and rapid adaptation during the lifetime. Notably, the adolescent phase may provide a last chance for correction if the future environment deviates from that predicted in earlier phases.

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The Concept of Stress and Its Relevance for Animal Behavior

Cited by 328 publications

References 306 publications

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Brief Social Defeat Stress: Long Lasting Effects on Cocaine Taking During a Binge and Zif268 mRNA Expression in the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Assessing feed efficiency in beef steers through feeding behavior, infrared thermography and glucocorticoids

Behavioural profiles are shaped by social experience: when, how and why

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