. The paper discusses the possible constitutional status of a citizen’s duty to take care of their health. This duty is declared in the constitutions of some States. In Russia, it has been legally enshrined in Federal Law No. 323-FZ dated 21.11.2011 «On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation». At the same time, as it is noted in scholarship, this obligation is not supported by any legal sanction, which gives it a moral rather than a legal character. In this regard, some authors propose to provide for various measures of responsibility for violation of this obligation. The article analyzes the legal consequences of the recognition of the duty to take care of one’s health in relation to various spheres of public relations. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the recognition of such a duty is connected with the socialization of human life and health and their alienation from the individual. Such a duty inextricably accompanies the state of unfreedom and incomplete legal personality of a person. On this basis, we believe that its legal consolidation is fundamentally unconstitutional.