The concept of one health applied to the problem of zoonotic diseases

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases are a burden on healthcare systems globally, particularly underdeveloped nations. Numerous vertebrate animals (e.g., birds, mammals and reptiles) serve as amplifier hosts or reservoirs for viral zoonoses. The spread of zoonotic disease is associated with environmental factors, climate change, animal health as well as other human activities including globalization, urbanization and travel. Diseases at the human-animal environment interface (e.g., zoonotic diseases, vector-borne diseases, food/water borne diseases) continue to pose risk to animals and humans with a great significant mortality and morbidity. It is estimated that of 1400 infectious diseases known to affect humans, 60% of them are of animal origin.In addition, 75% of the emerging infectious diseases have a zoonotic nature, worldwide. The one health concept plays an important role in the control and prevention of zoonoses by integrating animal, human, and environmental health through collaboration and communication among osteopaths, wildlife, physicians, veterinarians professionals, public health and environmental experts, nurses, dentists, physicists, biomedical engineers, plant pathologists, biochemists, and others.

Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends

“…The recent outbreaks in Brazil due to cat-transmitted sporotrichosis and the widespread expansion in South America are important reminders of how human and non-human health are essentially connected. Animals are the source of 70% of emerging and re-emerging infectious disease threats to human health and more than half of all recognized human pathogens [ 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 ]. We observed that the recent entry of the domestic cat into the transmission chain of sporotrichosis associated with the emergence of S. brasiliensis , a more virulent species adapted to animal transmission, produced a significant revolution in the classical epidemiological pattern [ 101 ], confirming that such threats are dynamic [ 161 ].…”

SARS-CoV-2 Affects Both Humans and Animals: What Is the Potential Transmission Risk? A Literature Review

“…To fight COVID-19 and, in general, all of the zoonoses in a more integrated and global way, new response mechanisms would be needed through the use of appropriate tools including new technologies, molecular biology, and analytical epidemiology. Furthermore, an international collaboration between different disciplines such as medicine, veterinary medicine, biology, and bioinformatics should be improved to achieve these goals, recognizing that human and animal health and the ecosystem are inextricably linked, following the “One Health” concept [ 143 ].…”

Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to occupational pneumonia

“…Human health and that of animals are closely linked, so collaboration between veterinarians and doctors, together with the necessary environmental respect and conservation, plus the appropriate public policies are essential to avoid the negative effects that the development of these zoonoses and communicable diseases can give rise to. To this effect there is a WHO-supported initiative called "One Health" [17,18], which establishes a global collaborative approach to understand the interrelated challenges that human and animal health will face in this promising future.…”