The concept of load ratio applied to bioelectrochemical systems for ammonia recovery

Arredondo, Mariana Rodríguez; Kuntke, Philipp; Heijne, Annemiek ter; Buisman, Cees J.N.

doi:10.1002/jctb.5992

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This parameter is extremely important for optimising the current driven recovery of TAN from urine. Researchers are beginning to focus on optimising this parameter in order to enhance the overall recovery of ammonia and decrease energy consumption …”

Section: Bioelectrochemical Systems Fed With Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers are beginning to focus on optimising this parameter in order to enhance the overall recovery of ammonia and decrease energy consumption. [109][110] In 2015, Sotres et al [111] compared the ammonia recovery from a BES unit working first in MFC mode and then MEC mode. The BES consisted of a methacrylate double-chamber reactor where anodic and cathodic compartments were separated by a commercial cation exchange membrane (Ultrex CMI-7000).…”

Section: Microbial Electrolysis Cell (Mec) Using Urine For Nutrientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

et al. 2020

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In recent years, human urine has been successfully used as an electrolyte and organic substrate in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) mainly due of its unique properties. Urine contains organic compounds that can be utilised as a fuel for energy recovery in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and it has high nutrient concentrations including nitrogen and phosphorous that can be concentrated and recovered in microbial electrosynthesis cells and microbial concentration cells. Moreover, human urine has high solution conductivity, which reduces the ohmic losses of these systems, improving BES output. This review describes the most recent advances in BESs utilising urine. Properties of neat human urine used in state‐of‐the‐art MFCs are described from basic to pilot‐scale and real implementation. Utilisation of urine in other bioelectrochemical systems for nutrient recovery is also discussed including proofs of concept to scale up systems.

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Section: Bioelectrochemical Systems Fed With Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Electrolysis Cell (Mec) Using Urine For Nutrientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

et al. 2020

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“…These systems currently are being studied for a wide range of potential applications such as recalcitrant pollutant removal, chemical synthesis, resource recovery and biosensors . For example, reduction of hexavalent chromium, ammonia recovery, remediation of xenobiotics, remediation of toxic metal contaminated soil, sulfate reduction or polishing effluents of anaerobic digesters are some of the applications reported recently for BES. Moreover, the generation of different products such as electricity, hydrogen, methane, biofuels, desalinated water or high‐value chemical products already has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability of low scan rate cyclic voltammetry in bioelectrochemical systems and effects on their performance

Ruiz

Baeza

Montpart

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Background Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has become a standard tool in the study of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) because it is a nondestructive technique that provides useful information on the electron transfer capacity of these systems. When applied to the large‐surface electrodes typically found in BES, the scan rate must be severely diminished or otherwise the capacitive current masks the faradaic current. Decreasing the scan rate results in an increase in the duration of the experiments, which can lead to a significant alteration of the initial system conditions. Results The repeatability of low scan rate cyclic voltammetry (LSCV) in air cathode microbial fuel cells (AC‐MFCs) operating in batch mode was examined. Consecutive LSCVs at 0.1 mV s−1 were recorded with and without prior renewal of the culture medium. Significant deviations in CV replicates were observed when the medium was not replaced (as high as 40% of maximum intensity). These deviations decreased (<18%) when the medium was refreshed, indicating that significant changes in the culture medium composition occurred during LSCVs. Additional electrochemical tests showed that the peak in the forward scan was probably the result of an accumulation of charge in the anodic system. Conclusion LSCV can affect the response of AC‐MFCs working in batch mode and cast doubt on the repeatability of these experiments, observing differences as high as 40% in maximum intensity. Renewing the culture medium is recommended to improve the repeatability of LSCV replicates. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) allows for the production of H 2 gas [38][39][40][41][42] and NaOH [35]. The increase in pH as a result of the HER can be used to separate NH 3 due to the shift in equilibrium with NH 4 + [43], as well as provide a locally favorable pH for the precipitation of calcium hydroxyapatite, resulting in the recovery of phosphorous [44]. In addition, the current can be used for desalination in MFCs with multiple membrane separated electrolyte compartments [45].…”

Section: Bioelectrochemical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioanodes are anodes in a BES on which an electroactive biofilm grows [163]. The current can be used to produce electrical power in a microbial fuel cell [36], to produce valuable products, like hydrogen [38,137] and hydroxide [137,138], or to drive separation processes such as desalination [164], recovery of ammonia [43,139,144] and recovery of phosphate [44,140], in a microbial electrolysis cell. Scaling up these systems, however, is still a challenge [89], since it often involves energy losses and contact resistance, which reduce current densities and conversion efficiency compared to lab-scale systems [100].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving bed capacitive bioanodes

Borsje¹

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Chapter 1 1.1. Wastewater treatment technology for removal of organic material Environmental challengeIn modern society, municipalities and industry produce significant volumes of wastewater. Globally, on average 95 m 3 wastewater is produced per capita per year, with in Europe 124 m 3 /capita/year and North America at 231 m 3 /capita/year: a global total of 380×10 9 m 3 per year (2015 data) [1]. Wastewater contains a mixture of several pollutants, such as dissolved organics, and nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, with differing effects on the environment and ecosystems. In nature, the dissolved organics are degraded by aerobic bacteria, resulting in the deoxygenation of the water. This is especially problematic for wastewater discharged into surface waters, which host important ecosystems that rely on oxygen in the water. Nitrogen and phosphorus discharge can result in eutrophication, which in turn leads to reduced biodiversity and possible toxicity due to proliferation of certain algae species [2,3]. At the end of the 19 th century, wastewater treatment -rather than disposal -became more important as these consequences became clear [4]. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were constructed, connecting in 78% of the population in the EU to primary and secondary treatment (EU-28, status in 2017) [5]. The wastewater treatment process consists of several steps, including but not limited to: primary treatment for the removal of (suspended) solids, secondary for removal of organics, and tertiary for removal of nutrients, minerals, metals, inorganics, taste, color, odor and pathogens [6]. Traditionally, aerobic treatment has been used to remove these organics, but the recovery of energy contained in the organics, has become a goal in itself: firstly, to make the WWTPs less energy intensive and more self-sustainable and secondly to export the energy for use in society. Aerobic treatment and recovery of the energy from organics in wastewater using anaerobic digestion processes and bioelectrochemical systems will be discussed in the following paragraphs [7,8]. Aerobic treatmentAerobic treatment utilizes oxygen for the oxidation of dissolved organics by aerobic bacteria in the controlled environment of WWTPs. Traditional treatment uses large ponds to flow the wastewater through. Oxygen is forced into the water stream at various points in the pools, and the required oxygen is consumed by the growing bacteria while degrading the organic material. The aerobic biomass is collectively called activated sludge. The aeration requires significant amounts of energy. In the last decade, the aeration step consumed between 0.1 and 0.6 kWh/m 3 wastewater in various WWTPs around the world, depending, among others, on climate, size, technology, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen requirements of influent and effluent [7]. For typical wastewater, 0.5 kgCOD/m 3 [9], the aerobic energy costs are 0.2 to 1.2 kWh/kg COD. The growth of aerobic microorganisms results in a large volume of sludge in suspension in the wastewater stre...

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The concept of load ratio applied to bioelectrochemical systems for ammonia recovery

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

Urine in Bioelectrochemical Systems: An Overall Review

Repeatability of low scan rate cyclic voltammetry in bioelectrochemical systems and effects on their performance

Moving bed capacitive bioanodes

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