The concept of evolution of chernozems in agroecosystems

Abstract

It is shown, that changes in plant component of natural ecosystems for agricultural development naturally leads to a substantial restructuring regimes, processes, and some properties of chernozems. The approach to arable chernozems as a new component of natural ecosystems (agroecosystems) dictates the principles on which to draw when designing farming practices and farming systems.

Evolution of Chernozems in the southern forest-steppe of the Central Russian upland under long-term cultivation examined in the agro-chronosequences

“…The most conceptual and system ideas on the transformation of Chernozems under cultivation are expressed in the works by I.I. Lebedeva. In her point of view the replacement of natural biota by cultural ones is the trigger and the first step in the long series of interconnected changes in humus status, water-physical properties, water and temperature regimes in the arable Chernozems (Lebedeva et al, 2013). At first, the cultural vegetation radically changes the quantity of organic residues annually entered in a soil and their distribution within a profile which reduce the content of humus in arable soils.…”

“…The density of soil mass in blocks reaches 1.35e1.40 g/ cm 3 (sometimes, 1.6 g/cm 3 ), almost equal to the density of the parent rock. Using cracks between those blocks, water from precipitation is immediately drained down in the lower horizons, and in addition, humus material of the upper horizons is transferred to the middle part of the soil profile (Lebedeva et al, 2013).…”

Stable and radioactive carbon isotopes as indicators of restructuring the pedogenic carbonates in Chernozems during their transition from arable to abandoned state (Cis‐Azov steppe, Russia)

“…Human impact on soils is the most powerful factor determined their evolution nowadays. Anthropogenic influence on soils, and plowing first of all, changes their hydrothermal regime and as a result, their carbonate status (Lebedeva et al, 2013). The changes in pedogenic carbonates, their morphology, content, and stocks in Chernozems under plowing of previously unplowed land or withdrawal of arable land from agricultural rotation into self-restoration abandoned state have been considered in some preceding works (Bulysheva et al, 2020(Bulysheva et al, , 2021Chendev et al, 2018;Khokhlova et al, 2015).…”