The Concept of a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Wilkins, William E.

doi:10.2307/2112523

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…SRH is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy [31]. This idea is captured in a traditional Japanese proverb, “ yamai wa ki kara ,” which translates as “illness springs from one's spirit” (“ ki ”) and refers to the Japanese conception that physical illness can result from a person's frame of mind toward body and physical illness itself [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex/Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in the Predictive Ability of Self-Rated Health for Mortality

et al. 2012

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BackgroundStudies have reported that the predictive ability of self-rated health (SRH) for mortality varies by sex/gender and socioeconomic group. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this relationship in Japan and explore the potential reasons for differences between the groups.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe analyses in the study were based on the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study's (AGES) 2003 Cohort Study in Chita Peninsula, Japan, which followed the four-year survival status of 14,668 community-dwelling people who were at least 65 years old at the start of the study. We first examined sex/gender and education-level differences in association with fair/poor SRH. We then estimated the sex/gender- and education-specific hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality associated with lower SRH using Cox models. Control variables, including health behaviors (smoking and drinking), symptoms of depression, and chronic co-morbid conditions, were added to sequential regression models. The results showed men and women reported a similar prevalence of lower SRH. However, lower SRH was a stronger predictor of mortality in men (HR = 2.44 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.14–2.80]) than in women (HR = 1.88 [95% CI: 1.44–2.47]; p for sex/gender interaction = 0.018). The sex/gender difference in the predictive ability of SRH was progressively attenuated with the additional introduction of other co-morbid conditions. The predictive ability among individuals with high school education (HR = 2.39 [95% CI: 1.74–3.30]) was similar to that among individuals with less than a high school education (HR = 2.14 [95% CI: 1.83–2.50]; p for education interaction = 0.549).ConclusionsThe sex/gender difference in the predictive ability of SRH for mortality among this elderly Japanese population may be explained by male/female differences in what goes into an individual's assessment of their SRH, with males apparently weighting depressive symptoms more than females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex/Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in the Predictive Ability of Self-Rated Health for Mortality

et al. 2012

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“…Merton's systems are governed by Merton's selffulfilling prophecy. It says a prediction directly causes itself to become true, because of the feedback between belief and action [102], [103]. Such systems are governed by free will.…”

Section: Evolution From Newtonian Systems To Mertonian Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driven by Data or Derived Through Physics? A Review of Hybrid Physics Guided Machine Learning Techniques With Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Focus

2020

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A multitude of cyber-physical system (CPS) applications, including design, control, diagnosis, prognostics, and a host of other problems, are predicated on the assumption of model availability. There are mainly two approaches to modeling: Physics/Equation based modeling (Model-Based, MB) and Machine Learning (ML). Recently, there is a growing consensus that ML methodologies relying on data need to be coupled with prior scientific knowledge (or physics, MB) for modeling CPS. We refer to the paradigm that combines MB approaches with ML as hybrid learning methods. Hybrid modeling (HB) methods is a growing field within both the ML and scientific communities, and are recognized as an important emerging but nascent area of research. Recently, several works have attempted to merge MB and ML models for the complete exploitation of their combined potential. However, the research literature is scattered and unorganized. So, we make a meticulous and systematic attempt at organizing and standardizing the methods of combining ML and MB models. In addition to that, we outline five metrics for the comprehensive evaluation of hybrid models. Finally, we conclude by shedding some light on the challenges of hybrid models, which we, as a research community, should focus on for harnessing the full potential of hybrid models. An additional feature of this survey is that the hybrid modeling work has been discussed with a focus on modeling cyber-physical systems. INDEX TERMS Cyber-physical systems, deep learning, deep neural networks, hybrid models, model-based, machine learning, physics guided, physics informed, physics prior, theory guided.

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“…The term "self-fulfilling prophecy" was coined by Merton (1968), who defined it as a statement which alters actions, therefore causing the statement to become true (Merton, 1968;Shapiro, 1999;Steele & Aronson, 1995;Wilkins, 1976). The potential for this concept to apply to Māori was revealed by Jansen, Bacal, and Crengle (2009), who found that financial difficulties were not the only reason Māori did not go to the doctor.…”

Section: The High Price Of Being Labelled "High Risk"mentioning

confidence: 99%

The high price of being labelled “high risk”: Social context as a health determinant for sudden unexpected infant death in Māori communities

Houkamau¹,

Tipene‐Leach²,

Clarke³

2016

nzcomjnl

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Background: For over 25 years, nationwide efforts to address sudden infant death in New Zealand have focused on advising parents to avoid four risk factors labelled as modifiable. But Māori infants still have sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) at five times the rate of non-Māori. Aim: This paper expands the conceptualisation of SUDI risk factors and suggests a reconsideration of the use of risk factor terminology. Discussion: Working from the assumption that health outcomes are influenced by social determinants, we put forward two key propositions. Firstly, we argue (using maternal smoking as a case in point) that greater attention must be paid to the role of social and socioeconomic factors in the prevention of SUDI in Māori communities. Secondly, we propose that the language of risk reduction impedes Māori engagement with health services because the discourse associated with being "at risk" and "vulnerable" casts Māori in a deficit framework affecting how Māori are perceived by health professionals and, more importantly perhaps, how Māori see themselves.

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The Concept of a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Sex/Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in the Predictive Ability of Self-Rated Health for Mortality

Sex/Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in the Predictive Ability of Self-Rated Health for Mortality

Driven by Data or Derived Through Physics? A Review of Hybrid Physics Guided Machine Learning Techniques With Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Focus

The high price of being labelled “high risk”: Social context as a health determinant for sudden unexpected infant death in Māori communities

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