The concentrations of IL-8 and IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid during nickel–chromium alloy porcelain crown restoration

Abstract

We explored gum irritation and cytotoxicity caused by nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy porcelain by interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volumes at different time points peri-crown restoration. This prospective study was conducted in 60 young adults. The total amount and concentrations of IL-8 and IL-6 per site, GCF volumes, and blood neutrophil counts were performed prior to and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after Ni-Cr alloy-porcelain crown restoration. Thirty male and 30 female subjects, aged 20-35 years old were enrolled. The total amount and concentrations of IL-8 and IL-6 per site, GCF volumes increased after nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy-porcelain crown restoration, and reached its peak at the third month as the GCF volume increased by 52.20 %, the total amount and concentrations of IL-8 increased by 112.11 and 22.75 %; the total amount and concentrations of IL-6 increased by 77.66 and 17.17 % when compared to baseline. In particular, the increase of IL-8 concentration was found in female patients at 3 months after restoration; while the neutrophil count of the peripheral blood did not change significantly. The increase in the total amount and the concentrations of IL-8 and IL-6 and GCF volume may be related to the cytotoxicity induced by Ni-Cr alloy. The significant increase of IL-8 concentration in females indicates that more attention should be given to women during Ni-Cr alloy porcelain crown restoration.

Potential Impact of Prosthetic Biomaterials on the Periodontium: A Comprehensive Review

“…A variety of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1, IL-8, IL-1ra, CRP, PGE2 and IgG have been used to gain insight into the inflammatory response as a consequence of the use of different prosthetic restorative materials [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][36][37][38][39][40][41] and even some enzymes such as resistin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), mainly MMP-2, MMP-8, aMMP-8 and MMP-9, which have been implicated in the destruction of periodontal tissues [26,35] (Table 1). [41] GCF: gingival crevicular fluid; Ni-Cr: nickel-chromium; Cr-Co: chromium-cobalt; Au-Pt: gold-platinum; Cr-Ni-M: chromium-nickel-molybdenum; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; CRP: C-reactive protein; YKL-40: chitinase 3like protein 1; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-8: interleukin 8; IL-1 α: interleukin 1 alpha; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL-1ra: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; MIP-1α: macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha; MIP-1β: macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; MMP-2: matrix metalloprotease 2; MMP-8: matrix metalloprotease 8; aMMP-8: matrix metalloprotease 8 in its active form; MMP-9: matrix metalloprotease 9; TIMP-1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 1; TIMP-2: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 2; IgG: immunoglobulin G.…”

“…Several prosthetic materials are used for the fabrication of fixed dental prostheses (as shown in Figure 1 ), including metal-ceramic and metal-free ceramics such as zirconium oxide and lithium disilicate [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], as well as polymeric materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), with the latter mainly used for provisional purposes [ 28 , 42 ].…”

Preventing Peri-implantitis: The Quest for a Next Generation of Titanium Dental Implants

“…In a prospective study involving 60 young adults, the biocompatibility of Ni−Cr cast alloy was characterized using the pro-inflammatory markers, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume. 119 It was shown that the increase in IL-8, IL-6 and GCF volume could be attributed to the cytotoxicity of Ni−Cr alloys. Cobalt−chromium (Co−Cr) alloys have also been shown to be cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).…”

“…Some of the widely measured responses include cytotoxicity, proliferation, integration of bone and soft tissue, inflammatory responses, and cell differentiation potential . Some alloys are toxic to cells over time, due to the leaching of ions, as discussed above. − To examine biocompatibility, various metallic alloy of nickel, chromium, titanium, and zirconium have been studied. In a prospective study involving 60 young adults, the biocompatibility of Ni–Cr cast alloy was characterized using the pro-inflammatory markers, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume .…”

“…Some alloys are toxic to cells over time, due to the leaching of ions, as discussed above. − To examine biocompatibility, various metallic alloy of nickel, chromium, titanium, and zirconium have been studied. In a prospective study involving 60 young adults, the biocompatibility of Ni–Cr cast alloy was characterized using the pro-inflammatory markers, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume . It was shown that the increase in IL-8, IL-6 and GCF volume could be attributed to the cytotoxicity of Ni–Cr alloys.…”