The concentration of minerals in the blood of genetically diverse groups of sheep:V. Concentrations of copper, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in the blood of lambs and ewes

Wiener, G.; Field, A. C.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600069513

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These heritability estimates were of the same order of magnitude as those reported in sheep by Wiener and Field (1971). It would be possible to select for changes in Cu concentration in cattle if this was desired.…”

Section: Heritabilitiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Genetic variation in serum copper concentration in Angus cattle

2006

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Following the discovery of low serum copper (Cu) concentrations in 9-month-old beef calves at pasture in autumn (50% of animals had values , 7·5 mmol/l), genetic variation in serum Cu concentration was studied in an experimental Angus herd in New Zealand, monitoring at intervals from about 7 to 17 months of age. The study was initiated in autumn when animals were supplemented with zinc (Zn) salts (to protect against liver injury from toxin-producing facial eczema spores on the pasture), and later in the production year after Cu supplementation but without Zn supplementation. Heritabilities of Cu concentration were estimated in 837 calves from six calf crops, the progeny of 47 sires, using restricted maximum likelihood procedures with an animal model. Correlations between Cu concentration and Zn concentration were also estimated, along with correlations between Cu concentration and 6-month, 9-month and yearling live weights. The heritability estimate for Cu concentration at all times outside the autumn Zn supplementation period was 0·28^0·08 (between-animal repeatability, 0·30^0·05), and the heritability estimates for autumn Cu concentration and Zn concentration were 0·35^0·11 and 0·26^0·13, respectively. The genetic and environmental correlations between autumn Cu concentration and Zn concentration were 2 0·29^0·31 and 0·15^0·11, respectively, suggesting antagonistic effects between Zn and Cu only at the genetic level, with a net (phenotypic) correlation of 0·02^0·06. Genetic correlations between Cu concentration (outside the autumn season) and 6-month, 9-month and yearling weights ranged from 0·15^0·15 to 0·17^0·16. It was concluded that serum Cu and Zn concentrations in calves were heritable traits under the grazing conditions encountered, and that index selection to increase live weights and Cu concentrations could be applied if desired.

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Section: Heritabilitiessupporting

confidence: 61%

Genetic variation in serum copper concentration in Angus cattle

2006

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“…The concentration of calcium in the plasma of the sheep is normally about 5.15 m-equiv/l. (Wiener & Field, 1971). Average values may differ in different breeds by up to about 0-25 mequiv/l.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and water in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of the foetal sheep and guinea‐pig

Bradbury¹,

Crowder²,

Desai³

et al. 1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Samples of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) and blood plasma have been obtained nearly simultaneously from foetal sheep of different ages, the foetus having been exteriorized and maintained in a normal state with respect to its blood gases and arterial pH. The brains were removed from these foetuses and also from foetal guinea-pigs after exsanguination.2. A comprehensive study has been made of the concentrations ofwater, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in blood plasma, c.s.f. and brain from foetal sheep and in brain from foetal guinea-pigs during development in utero. Maternal arterial blood plasma, cisternal c.s.f. and brain from the sheep and brain from the guinea-pig have been analysed for comparison.3. Concentrations of the ions analysed in foetal blood plasma are similar to those found by others in the sheep and other species. In the case of calcium, the results suggest an active maintenance of the concentration of this ion in foetal plasma by the placenta.4. The chloride concentration in c.s.f. at ages between 65 days and term (147 days) averaged 1-19 times that in foetal plasma, but only 1-08 at 45-50 days; the sodium concentration in c.s.f. was also slightly reduced at this time. The increase in the c.s.f./plasma ratios for chloride and sodium appears to coincide with the first development ofthe blood-brain and bloodc.s.f. barriers to non-electrolytes.5. Magnesium was at a slightly higher concentration in c.s.f. than in plasma at all foetal ages and did not vary with age. The concentrations of potassium and calcium in c.s.f. were high at early ages and fell to reach adult concentrations after birth: the mechanisms determining the M. W. B. BRADBURY AND OTHERS concentrations of the various ions in c.s.f. develop at very different, largely independent, rates.6. The water content of the cerebral hemispheres of the foetal sheep was stable at 90 % of the wet weight till 105 days and fell thereafter. The contents of chloride, sodium and potassium followed paraboloid relations with age. Chloride and sodium reached a peak of 62 and 81 m-equiv/kg respectively between 89 and 105 days in the sheep. Potassium was at a minimum of 65 m-equiv/kg at the same time. The content of water and these electrolytes in the cerebral hemispheres of the foetal guinea-pig underwent similar changes, the maxima and minimum occurring as in the sheep at two-thirds of the total length of the pregnancy, namely 65 days in the guinea-pig. At 46 days in the guinea-pig, chloride in brain reached 53 mequiv/kg, sodium was 68 m-equiv/kg and potassium was 75 m-equiv/kg. In contrast to the sheep, no reversal ofthe sodium-potassium ratio occurred. These changes in water and electrolytes probably represent a rise, a peak and a decrease in the volume of the extracellular space of cerebral cortex, but changes in the volume occupied by a cell-type, containing much intracellular chloride and sodium, could also contribute to this phenomenon. 7. The calcium content in the cerebral hemispheres of the foetal sheep remained ...

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“…Estimates from half-sib analyses and offspring-parent regressions of the heritability of Cu in plasma in the sheep have ranged from 0-1 to 0-4 (Wiener and Field, 1971 and G. Wiener, unpublished results) and a value of 0-3 is likely to be reasonably accurate. The perfect correlation between twins is appropriate when variation within twin pairs is small compared to other sources; this is the case for information on the lambs' dam and was later established for other observations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rôle of the breed of dam and of the breed of lamb in determining the copper status of the lamb. 1. Under a dietary regime low in copper

et al. 1984

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Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/ASC, IP address: 128.218.248.200 on 15 Mar 2015 Anim. Prod 1W4. 39: 2(17-217 IKI()J-3S61/X4/.14SI()2O7$()2-(I() ABSTRACTThe relative importance of the breed of lamb and the breed of dam in determining the copper status of the lamb until 24 weeks of age was investigated by transferring embryos within and reciprocally between Scottish Blackface and Welsh Mountain ewes. A diet low in Cu (2-4 mg/kg dry matter (DM) was fed both to the ewes from mating onward and subsequently to their lambs.At birth, lambs with Welsh dams had greater concentrations of Cu in their livers than lambs with Blackface dams. This difference, although reduced, still remained at 9 weeks of age (weaning), when lambs with Welsh dams also had greater concentrations of Cu in plasma.By 24 weeks of age, Welsh lambs, irrespective of their dams' breed, had greater concentrations of Cu in both liver and plasma than Blackface lambs, although the average Cu concentration in the liver was below 10 mg/kg DM in both breeds.Results are also given for concentrations of Cu in kidney, brain and milk. The experiment suggests the importance of maternal breed in determining the susceptibility, both of the foetus and of the young lamb to problems associated with Cu deficiency. 207

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The concentration of minerals in the blood of genetically diverse groups of sheep:V. Concentrations of copper, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in the blood of lambs and ewes

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Genetic variation in serum copper concentration in Angus cattle

Genetic variation in serum copper concentration in Angus cattle

Electrolytes and water in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of the foetal sheep and guinea‐pig

The rôle of the breed of dam and of the breed of lamb in determining the copper status of the lamb. 1. Under a dietary regime low in copper

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