The concentration of certain chemical elements in the soils of Alaskan archaeological sites

Lutz, H. J.

doi:10.2475/ajs.249.12.925

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…A number of retrospective studies provide strong evidence that synanthropic floras, faunas, and enriched soils have long been associated with prehistoric and historic settlements in the circumpolar North (Lutz, 1951;van der Knapp, 1985;Fredskild, 1988;Moore and Denton, 1988;Zutter, 1992;Böcher and Fredskild, 1993). Although the soil fauna was not investigated for sites in the present study, a recent report of mechanical anthropogenic disturbance on northern Ellesmere Island reveals significant variations in the composition and reproductive mode of arthropod populations at the scale of the patch (Kevan et al, 1995).…”

Section: Cassiope Tetragona)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often noted that Arctic ecosystems do not recover readily from even minor human impact (Ives, 1970;Dunbar, 1973;Banfield, 1975;Eckhardt, 1988), but there are few long-term data from the High Arctic to either support or refute this sensing (Hrdlicka, 1937;Lutz, 1951;Harp, 1974;McCartney, 1979;Moore and Denton, 1988;Thannheiser, 1989;Brooks and Johannes, 1990). However, there has been little in the way of synthesis of geographically disjunct observations from arctic archaeological sites within what is acknowledged to be a region of floristic unity (Steere, 1953;Hultén and Fries, 1986;Walker et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Communities of Archaeological Sites, Abandoned Dwellings, and Trampled Tundra in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Multivariate Analysis

Forbes¹

1996

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Arctic terrestrial ecosystems subjected to anthropogenic disturbance return to their original state only slowly, if at all. Investigations of abandoned settlements on three islands in the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago have detected striking similarities among contemporary and ancient human settlements with regard to their effects on tundra vegetation and soils. Ordination procedures using 240 quadrats showed the plant assemblages of Thule (ca. 800 B.P.) winter dwellings on northern Devon and southern Cornwallis Islands to be floristically similar to pedestrian-trampled meadows on northeast Baffin Island last used ca. 1969. Comparisons from the literature made with other North American sites in the Low Arctic reveal similar findings. The implication is that the depauperate flora of the Arctic has a limited number of species able to respond to disturbance, and that anthropogenically disturbed patches may be extremely persistent.Key words: Thule culture, phytoarchaeology, High Arctic, trampling, anthropogenic disturbance, growth forms, ordination RÉSUMÉ. Les écosystèmes terrestres arctiques soumis à une perturbation anthropique ne retournent que lentement -lorsqu'ils le font -à leur état initial. Des études faites sur des établissements abandonnés dans trois îles de l'archipel Arctique canadien oriental ont permis de constater des ressemblances frappantes entre les établissements humains contemporains et anciens en ce qui concerne leurs effets sur la végétation et les sols de la toundra. Les procédures d'ordination portant sur 240 quadrats ont montré que les communautés végétales des habitations d'hiver de Thulé (v. 800 BP) situées dans le nord de l'île Devon et le sud de l'île Cornwallis, sont similaires au plan de la flore aux prairies piétinées par l'homme v. 1969 dans le nord-est de la terre de Baffin. Des comparaisons établies à partir de documentation réalisée sur d'autres sites nord-américains dans le Bas-Arctique révèlent des constatations similaires. L'implication est que la flore souffreteuse de l'Arctique possède un nombre limité d'espèces capables de réagir aux perturbations, et que les endroits perturbés anthropiquement pourraient demeurer tels quels très longtemps.Mots clés: culture de Thulé, phytoarchéologie, Extrême-Arctique, dommages dus au piétinement, perturbation anthropique, formes de croissance, ordination Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nésida Loyer.

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Section: Cassiope Tetragona)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Communities of Archaeological Sites, Abandoned Dwellings, and Trampled Tundra in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Multivariate Analysis

Forbes¹

1996

ARCTIC

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“…Several researchers working in the Arctic observed the development of deeper soil on archaeological sites compared to the surrounding environment (Lutz, 1951;McCartney, 1979;Moore, 1986;Moore and Denton, 1988;Forbes, 1996). In his paper on Thule archaeological sites on Devon and southwestern Cornwallis Islands, Forbes (1996) demonstrated that past human occupations influenced the growing cycle of plant communities after occupation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeoentomological Perspectives on Dorset Occupations in Newfoundland: A Case Study from the Site of Phillip’s Garden (EeBi-1)

Dussault¹,

Bell²,

Grimes³

2017

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. The Dorset Paleo-Inuit occupied the island of Newfoundland for over 800 years (1990 BP to 1180, producing a unique and identifiable archaeological record. Despite this, our current understanding of this sea-mammal hunting population is essentially based on past analysis of architecture, artefacts, and animal remains. While these data show that the Dorset intensively used sites at different locations through the Arctic and Subarctic, very little information is known regarding their impact on their surroundings and the environment. Our research is based on soil samples collected at the site of Phillip's Garden, which is considered to be one of the most intensely occupied sites within the Dorset culture's geographic range. Beetles, which are known to be ecological specialists, were used as a proxy in this research in order to document the composition and fluctuation in vegetation, and environmental change through time at the site. The analysis demonstrates that the Dorset communities of Phillip's Garden harvested trees, and modified the environment and the flora surrounding their settlement more intensively than previously thought.Key words: archaeoentomology; Dorset; Newfoundland; land-use; landscape; economy; hunter-gatherer RÉSUMÉ. Entre 1990 AA et 1180 AA, l'île de Terre-Neuve a connu une période d'occupation de plus de 800 ans par la culture dorsétienne. Cette occupation, documentée dans les données archéologiques, a laissé des traces uniques et visibles. Malgré cette richesse archéologique laissée par les Dorsétiens, notre compréhension de cette culture axée sur la chasse aux mammifères marins est principalement basée sur les données architecturales, artéfactuelles et zooarchéologiques. Ces données ont permis de démontrer que la culture dorsétienne a occupé de façon très intensive plusieurs sites localisés dans l'Arctique et le Subarctique. Cependant, peu d'informations sont fournies par ces données quant à l'impact de cette culture sur son environnement et ses lieux d'occupation. Les données utilisées au cours de notre recherche ont été récupérées dans des échantillons de sols ayant été prélevés sur le site de Phillip's Garden, considéré comme l'un des sites les plus intensément occupés par la culture dorsétienne. En tant que spécialistes de leur niche écologique, les coléoptères ont été utilisés dans cette recherche afin de documenter la composition et les modifications visibles dans la végétation du site à travers le temps. Cette analyse permet de changer notre perception de l'étendue des modifications faites à la flore et à l'environnement par les Dorsétiens établis au site de Phillip's Garden, modifications dues entre autres à l'exploitation des arbres.

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“…Dietz 1957;Lutz 1951). Cook and Heizer (1965) summarized those data for a later generation of American archaeologists more than two decades ago, and that summary remains the most often-cited source for all subsequent analyses.…”

Section: Soil Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

1988

NEHA

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The concentration of certain chemical elements in the soils of Alaskan archaeological sites

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Plant Communities of Archaeological Sites, Abandoned Dwellings, and Trampled Tundra in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Multivariate Analysis

Plant Communities of Archaeological Sites, Abandoned Dwellings, and Trampled Tundra in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: A Multivariate Analysis

Archaeoentomological Perspectives on Dorset Occupations in Newfoundland: A Case Study from the Site of Phillip’s Garden (EeBi-1)

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