The Concentration and Drying of Plasma

Abstract

On the other hand, we must offset against the above advantages the difficulties and expense of the drying process, the relative stability of ordinary liquid plasmna, and, the fact that in many centres there will be a sufficiently rapid turnover of plasma in the bank to discount the necessity for storage for more than a few weeks. (Schmidt, 1938). Even a small amount of denaturation renders plasma unsuitable for clinical use, anid therefore it is impossible to place too much stress on the necessity for adequate temperature control of the dryinig process.2. Solibility. The dried product must dissolve readily and completely in sterile distilled water. The speed of solution appears to be related to some extent to the temperature of the final drying process: plasma dried from the frozen state usually yields a bulky porous powder which is readily soluble in water.3. Sterility-.-The dried plasma powder must be sterile. The above conditions are necessary whatever the scalle of the process, but when large volumes have to be, dried certain other factors also assume importance. The plasma should be diied as rapidly as possible, with the minimum of labour and attention and the minimuLm capital otutlay and running expenses.In the method of drying developed by Flosdorf and Mudd (1935) for the production of lyophil seruLIm the serum is frozen in ampoules and the water is disWilled off under high vacutLm into a vessel cooled in solid 4165

Storage of Human Biospecimens: Selection of the Optimal Storage Temperature

“…The most common method of preserving biospecimens is freezing and storage of samples at low temperatures in order to inhibit degradation. Other stabilization methods include chemical fixation, 1 plastination, 2 drying, 3 lyophilization, 4 ionic liquids, 5 dry state storage, 6,7 and confinement. 8 The focus of this review will be on long-term, low temperature storage of human biospecimens.…”

Dried Plasma for Major Trauma: Past, Present, and Future

“…At the time, serum was preferred compared to plasma, as the removal of clotting factors extended the shelf life of serum. In plasma, the fibrin and use of anticoagulant made drying very slow [37] and caused clot formation both before drying and after reconstitution. Serum was intended for volume expansion; consequently, the importance of the presence of clotting factors when treating massive hemorrhage might not have been fully appreciated [38,39].…”

“…The initial work involves the development of freeze-drying techniques [37,40] and infusion in experimental animal models in the 1930s [41,42], and in humans in the 1940s [43,44], leading to large-scale production with millions of units distributed to the Allied forces worldwide [45]. These dried units of plasma or serum were utilized as a primary mode of resuscitating combat casualties in World War II [33].…”