The Computing Landscape of the 21st Century

Abstract

This paper shows how today's complex computing landscape can be understood in simple terms through a 4-tier model. Each tier represents a distinct and stable set of design constraints that dominate attention at that tier. There are typically many alternative implementations of hardware and software at each tier, but all of them are subject to the same set of design constraints. We discuss how this simple and compact framework has explanatory power and predictive value in reasoning about system design.

A Random Walk based Load Balancing Algorithm for Fog Computing

“…The workload of fog nodes can be highly heterogeneous, due to fluctuations in the workload patterns or simply because the sensors are not evenly distributed among the fog nodes [9]. Furthermore, we assume that the fog nodes are able to interact among themselves by forwarding jobs from one node to another 1 . In this section, we present two algorithms aiming to define when a Job should be forwarded to a neighbor, and to which neighbor the job should be forwarded.…”

“…Fog computing promises to change the architecture of software applications from the current cloud-only support to a multi-layer system, where computational facilities are available at each level along the path from data sources to a centralised cloud data centre, [1]. This deployment model, which materializes with an intermediate computational layer called Fog, will address demanding constraints on response time (order of 10 ms), throughput (order of 10 Gbps), as well as high security and privacy [2].…”

Augmenting Cognition Through Edge Computing

“…One can view this gap as a "mobility penalty." It is the price one pays in performance for the benefit of mobility [22]. Wirelessly offloading compute-intensive operations to servers in the infrastructure helps to bridge the gap shown in Figure 2.…”

Receiver coil built into belt for heat dissipation of watch-type smart devices

“…On the other hand, the peak power of a typical smartphone is over 2,000 mW at the maximum [17]. The power consumption of wearable devices in data transmission is 150-200 mW, and the peak power of smartphones is 3,500-4,000 mW [18]. Among the common wireless communication protocols used in IoT devices, Bluetooth has the lowest power, at 10 mW, while Wi-Fi has the highest power, at over 500 mW [19].…”