The comprehensive impact on human body induced by resolution of growth hormone excess

Zhang, Zhaoyun; Li, Qin; He, Wenqiang; Qiu, Huijia; Ye, Hongying; Wang, Yongfei; Shen, Ming; He, Min; Yu, Yifei; Shou, Xuefei; Huang, Chuanxin; Yu, Huan; Huang, Guoqiang; Tang, Weijun; Geng, Daoying; Fu, Chaowei; Liu, Congjin; Ma, Zengyi; Zhao, Yupei; Zhang, Qilin; Zhang, Yichao; Shen, Yue; Yang, Yizhou; Wang, Meng; Liu, Xingdang; Lu, Yun; Hu, Renming; Mao, Ying; Zhou, Lei; Li, Yiming; Li, Shiqi; Tritos, Nicholas A.; Zhao, Yao

doi:10.1530/eje-17-0872

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In support of this mechanism, LT4 treatment reduced soft tissue swelling and improved AHI, nocturnal hypoxaemia and sleep architecture in an uncontrolled study (254). Goitre (regardless of thyroid status) can cause UA obstruction and collapse (256,263). It causes narrowing of the UA by direct mechanical obstruction, especially in supine position, and by increasing laryngeal oedema due to reduced venous return; both of which can be resolved following thyroidectomy or LT4 in some cases (256,264,265,266).…”

Section: Testosterone Replacement and Osamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Testosterone replacement in this RCT resulted in worsening RDI (approximately by seven events per hour), mainly Mechanisms linking OSA and hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can lead to increased UA collapsibility due to soft tissue swelling (in tongue, neck, and pharynx) caused by mucopolysaccharides infiltration (myxoedema in the more severe form) (256). In support of this mechanism, LT4 treatment reduced soft tissue swelling and improved AHI, nocturnal hypoxaemia and sleep architecture in an uncontrolled study (254).…”

Section: Testosterone Replacement and Osamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In a small study of six patients with SA syndrome (obstructive or central with EDS) and acromegaly, trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy resulted in resolution of the SA syndrome in all patients regardless of whether acromegaly was cured or not (255). In another study of 24 patients with acromegaly (20 with OSA) who had remission following trans-sphenoidal surgery, at 1 month post surgery, the tongue area declined while the airway volume increased significantly, accompanied with improved OSA (256). The prevalence of severe OSA was reduced from 45.8 to 28% by 6 months with significant improvements in AHI but the average AHI remained in the moderate OSA range (256).…”

Section: The Impact Of Acromegaly Treatment On Osamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In another study of 24 patients with acromegaly (20 with OSA) who had remission following trans-sphenoidal surgery, at 1 month post surgery, the tongue area declined while the airway volume increased significantly, accompanied with improved OSA (256). The prevalence of severe OSA was reduced from 45.8 to 28% by 6 months with significant improvements in AHI but the average AHI remained in the moderate OSA range (256). Similar results were observed in patients with acromegaly following treatment with somatostatin analogues (246,249,257,258,259,260) and pegvisomant (261,262).…”

Section: The Impact Of Acromegaly Treatment On Osamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Goitre (regardless of thyroid status) can cause UA obstruction and collapse (256,263). It causes narrowing of the UA by direct mechanical obstruction, especially in supine position, and by increasing laryngeal oedema due to reduced venous return; both of which can be resolved following thyroidectomy or LT4 in some cases (256,264,265,266). Hypothyroidism (especially when severe) can also result in blunted ventilatory drive and impaired chemosensors' response to hypoxia/hypercapnia in animal and human studies (256).…”

Section: Testosterone Replacement and Osamentioning

confidence: 99%

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MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY: Mechanisms of disease: the endocrinology of obstructive sleep apnoea

Lavrentaki

Ali

Cooper

et al. 2019

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder that is associated with serious comorbidities with a negative impact on quality of life, life expectancy and health costs. As OSA is related to obesity and is associated with sleep disruption, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, it is not surprising that OSA has an impact on the secretion of multiple hormones and is implicated in the development of many endocrine conditions. On the other hand, many endocrine conditions that can affect obesity and/or upper airways anatomy and stability have been implicated in the development or worsening of OSA. This bidirectional relationship between OSA and the endocrine system has been increasingly recognised in experimental and epidemiological studies and there are an increasing number of studies examining the effects of OSA treatment on endocrine conditions and vice versa. In this review article, we will critically appraise and describe the impact of OSA on the endocrine system including obesity, dysglycaemia, the pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenals, the reproductive system and the bones. In each section, we will assess whether a bidirectional relationship exists, and we will describe the potential underlying mechanisms. We have focused more on recent studies and randomised controlled trials where available and attempted to provide the information within clinical context and relevance.

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Section: Testosterone Replacement and Osamentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Testosterone Replacement and Osamentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Impact Of Acromegaly Treatment On Osamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Impact Of Acromegaly Treatment On Osamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Testosterone Replacement and Osamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY: Mechanisms of disease: the endocrinology of obstructive sleep apnoea

Lavrentaki

Ali

Cooper

et al. 2019

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Acromegaly

Donegan

Stahl

2022

Acromegaly

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Renal effects of growth hormone in health and in kidney disease

2021

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Growth hormone (GH) and its mediator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have manifold effects on the kidneys. GH and IGF receptors are abundantly expressed in the kidney, including the glomerular and tubular cells. GH can act either directly on the kidneys or via circulating or paracrine-synthesized IGF-1. The GH/IGF-1 system regulates glomerular hemodynamics, renal gluconeogenesis, tubular sodium and water, phosphate, and calcium handling, as well as renal synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 and the antiaging hormone Klotho. The latter also acts as a coreceptor of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast-growth factor 23 in the proximal tubule. Recombinant human GH (rhGH) is widely used in the treatment of short stature in children, including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Animal studies and observations in acromegalic patients demonstrate that GH-excess can have deleterious effects on kidney health, including glomerular hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy, and glomerulosclerosis. In addition, elevated GH in patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus was thought to induce podocyte injury and thereby contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. This manuscript gives an overview of the physiological actions of GH/IGF-1 on the kidneys and the multiple alterations of the GH/IGF-1 system and its consequences in patients with acromegaly, CKD, nephrotic syndrome, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Finally, the impact of short- and long-term treatment with rhGH/rhIGF-1 on kidney function in patients with kidney diseases will be discussed.

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The comprehensive impact on human body induced by resolution of growth hormone excess

Abstract: The rapid resolution of excessive GH led to the reversible changes of systemic comorbidities in a time-dependent and organ-specific manner.

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY: Mechanisms of disease: the endocrinology of obstructive sleep apnoea

MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY: Mechanisms of disease: the endocrinology of obstructive sleep apnoea

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Acromegaly

Renal effects of growth hormone in health and in kidney disease

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