The composition of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma is associated with the stage of the disease

Catching up with solid tumor oncology: what is the evidence for a prognostic role of programmed cell death-ligand 1/programmed cell death-1 expression in B-cell lymphomas?

“…75 It is also likely that biological behavior and prognosis are determined not only by overall PD-1 + TILs and tumor cells, but by functionally distinct subsets. PD-1 + numbers correlated with CD4 + T-cell and FoxP3 + numbers and GrB and TIA-1 + cells in several studies, 42,52,72 and similar associations were found between distribution patterns of FoxP3 + and PD-1 + cells. Modulating effects might also be exerted by other microenvironment components such as TAMs, 35 tumor-associated histiocytes, 37 and small vessels.…”

“…Several studies have focused on localization patterns of TFH cells. While PD-1 expression generally correlated with T-cell content in both interfollicular and follicular zones, it was mainly expressed within 52 55 Others identified distinct functional T-cell populations displaying specific gene expression profiles on the basis of CD25, namely CD25 + follicular regulatory T cells and CD25-T FH . 43 Changes in PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression were analyzed with pidilizumab and rituximab treatment in relapsed FL patients.…”

Prognostic relevance of CD163 and CD8 combined with EZH2 and gain of chromosome 18 in follicular lymphoma: a study by the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium

“…Equally important, cellular densities of various other cell populations, such as PD1+ T follicular helper (T FH ) cells and FOXP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells, previously claimed to predict clinical outcome, were not confirmed in our study. 16,22,24,[39][40][41] This study was specifically designed to verify the impact of previously published IHC and molecular markers in FL in the rituximab-chemotherapy era. Therefore, we implemented a dedicated study design to reduce noise such that all cases were retrieved from clinical trials and registries which guaranteed complete clinical information at presentation and detailed treatment information.…”

Indolent lymphoma: follicular lymphoma and the microenvironment—insights from the microscope

“…The number and distribution of Foxp3 ϩ Treg cells and T FH cells have been reported to predict clinical prognosis in some, 54,[65][66][67] but not all, 64 studies (see Table 2 in Rimsza and Jaramillo 68 ) Even in those studies that found an effect, the results were inconsistent, with some finding that absolute numbers of Treg cells were important 54 and others 63,69,70 that the pattern (follicular, perifollicular, diffuse) was important in predicting outcome. The impact on outcome has also varied, with some studies finding that increased Treg cells were associated with a good prognosis 54,63 and others finding an association with advanced disease or a poor prognosis.…”

“…The impact on outcome has also varied, with some studies finding that increased Treg cells were associated with a good prognosis 54,63 and others finding an association with advanced disease or a poor prognosis. 69,70 Those investigators who found that increased Treg cells are associated with negative clinical features interpreted these results to suggest that Tregs are primarily affecting immunoreactive T cells that might have tumor-suppressive effects, 70 whereas those who found that increased Treg cells are beneficial propose that they are exerting primarily repressive effects on the neoplastic B cells. 54 …”