The Composition of Spark Ignition Engine Steady State Particulate Emissions

Andrews, Gordon E.; Ahamed, Fathia M.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-1143

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This results in higher mechanical losses and hence higher fuel consumption for an engine under cold start (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The fuel vaporization at the inlet port injection location is deteriorated due to the poor volatility of fuel at low ambient temperatures.…”

Section: -01-2903mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

Andrews¹,

Zhu²,

Li³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The influence of ambient temperature on exhaust emissions for an instrumented Euro 1 SI car was determined. A real world test cycle was used, based on an urban drive cycle that was similar to the ECE urban drive cycle. It was based on four laps of a street circuit and an emissions sample bag was taken for each lap. The bag for the first lap was for the cold start emissions. An in-vehicle direct exhaust dual bag sampling technique was used to simultaneously collect exhaust samples upstream and downstream of the three-way catalyst (TWC). The cold start tests were conducted over a year, with ambient temperatures ranging from -2°C to 32°C. The exhaust system was instrumented with thermocouples so that the catalyst light off temperature could be determined. The results showed that CO emissions for the cold start were reduced by a factor of 8 downstream of catalyst when ambient temperature rose from -2°C to 32°C, the corresponding hydrocarbon emissions were reduced by a factor of 4. There was no clear relationship between NOx emissions and ambient temperature. For subsequent laps of the test circuit the reduction of CO and HC emissions as a function of ambient temperature was lower. The time for catalyst light off increased by 50% as the ambient temperature was reduced. The results show that the vehicle used is unlikely to meet the new -7 o C cold start CO emission regulations.

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Section: -01-2903mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A low ambient temperature reduces lubricating oil pumpability and increases the viscosity of lubricating oil (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). This results in higher mechanical losses and hence higher fuel consumption for an engine under cold start (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: -01-2903mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

Andrews¹,

Zhu²,

Li³

et al. 2004

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Thus, it can be emitted when the exhaust valves start opening. In the past, the negligible level of particulate matter at the exhaust of PFI SI engines addressed the research activities in other directions and the previous investigations were focused on the fuel deposition as cause of high level of exhaust hydrocarbon emissions during the cold start-up [15][16][17]. Nevertheless, recent experimental studies demonstrated the presence of high number concentration of nanometric carbonaceous particles at the PFI SI exhaust also at low engine speed [18][19][20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Optical investigations of fuel deposition burning in ported fuel injection (PFI) spark-ignition (SI) engine

Merola

Vaglieco

2009

Energy

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“…1 The ratio of combustion air to fuel has a considerable effect on the formation of PM. [7][8][9] The time available for mixture preparation can also have a dramatic impact on PN emissions. Any factor which affects mixture preparation (e.g.…”

Section: Particulate Emissions From Internal Combustion Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatable steady-state measurement of particulate number emissions in engine experiments

Mason

Bradley

Pezouvanis

et al. 2016

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulate number count is an important consideration for engine developers due to changes in emissions legislation. Changes are driven by an increasing body of evidence that particulate number, particularly smaller particles, have a deleterious effect on human health. This article presents the results of an investigation into the key factors influencing particulate number emissions measurement repeatability during dynamometer-based testing of a gasoline direct-injection engine. At the outset of this work, a review of literature summarises some of the current discussion concerning particulate formation, evolution and measurement to identify the key factors that influence these three things. Having established what these factors are a number of engine experiments are undertaken to determine how sensitive particulate number measurements are to change in these factors and therefore how great an influence they are on measurement repeatability in engine experiments of a similar type. The investigation highlights a number of important results, showing that particular regard ought to be given to the pre-conditioning of engine internal surfaces which begins when the engine is started. In addition, the effect of coolant temperature (including the dynamics of the control system) is observed and highlighted as another key source of variation as is intake air temperature.

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The Composition of Spark Ignition Engine Steady State Particulate Emissions

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Cold Start Urban Traffic Emissions for a Real World SI Car

Optical investigations of fuel deposition burning in ported fuel injection (PFI) spark-ignition (SI) engine

Repeatable steady-state measurement of particulate number emissions in engine experiments

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