The Composition of Produced Water from Shell Operated Oil and Gas Production in the North Sea

Jacobs, R.P.W.M.; Grant, R. O. H.; Kwant, J.; Marquenie, J. M.; Mentzer, E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_2

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Salinity values at the two terminals were significantly different (p>0.05) and were also higher than the permissible limit (2000mg/l). These results are in good agreement with earlier studies (Otto et al, 1990;Jacobs et al, 1992 andCline, 1998) which had indicated that most produced waters were more saline than sea water. On the other hand, although both levels exceeded the permissible limits (<15.0NTU), mean turbidity levels were higher at the Warri terminal (37.00 ± 9.60 * 1 OBUNWO CC; CHUKWUDI C NTU) than at the Port Harcourt terminal (16.50 ± 5.00NTU).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Produced Water from Terminals of Some Oil Industry Facilities in Nigeria

Obunwo¹,

Chukwudi²

2015

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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This study evaluated the physico-chemical characteristics, total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) and some heavy metal levels of produced water from terminals of two oil industry facilities in Nigeria, using standard methods. Appropriate sample bottles were used in the collection of samples for analyses of BOD, other physico-chemical characteristics, total hydrocarbon and heavy metals. The samples were preserved accordingly and transported to the laboratory in ice -packed coolers. The levels of the physico-chemical properties of produced water in the two locations, showed that mean temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, salinity and turbidity levels were: 24.40± 0.35 o C -25.50 ± 0.35 o C; 7.49 ± 0.28 -7.89 ± 0.30; 8428 ±2332mg/l -9205 ± 2100mg/l; 8.50 ± 3.40mg/l -14.30 ± 5.10mg/l; 6108± 1250mg/l -7422 ± 2280mg/l and 16.00 ± 5.00 NTU -37.00 ± 9.60 NTU respectively. DO and BOD levels were respectively 3.07 ± 0.40mg/l -3.29 ± 0.40mg/l and 1.46 ± 0.38mg/l -1.72 ± 0.48mg/l. COD levels did not vary between the two locations. Mean TOC levels ranged between 0.05 ± 0.02mg/l and 0.06 ± 0.02mg/l while mean THC ranged between 4.72 ± 1.59mg/l and 36.90 ± 3.03mg/l. The levels of the nutrient characteristics of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate ranged as follows: NO 3 -(1.90 ± 1.16mg/l -2.50 ± 0.26mg/l); PO 4 3-(0.52 ± 0.12mg/l -1.07 ± 0.12mg/l) and SO 4 2-(14.40 ± 4.57mg/l -21.70 ± 2.75mg/l). Levels of trace metals ( Pb, Ni, V, Cd, Hg and Cr) were below detection limits. However, the concentration of Fe ranged between 0.53 ± 0.11mg/l 1.06 ± 0.26mg/l. With the exception of salinity, TDS and TSS, the levels of other physico-chemical characteristics including the trace metals were within the permissible limits set out by Nigeria's Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). © JASEM http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v19i2.2

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A number of studies have been conducted in the USA on produced water from different oil and gas platforms (Neff, 1998;Jacobs et al, 1992;Cox 1992 andCline 1998). The researchers observed that waters discharged from gas and condensate platforms were far more toxic than the produced waters discharged from oil platforms.…”

Section: * 1 Obunwo Cc; Chukwudi Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Produced Water from Terminals of Some Oil Industry Facilities in Nigeria

Obunwo¹,

Chukwudi²

2015

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…Environmental impact of produced water has been assessed by measuring chemical composition of freshly discharged produced water (Tibbets et al, 1992;Jacobs et al, 1992;Flynn et al, 1992), by plume dispersion-transport models Smith, 1995: Brandsma et al, 1995;Washburn, et al, 1999) and by ecotoxicological measurements (Brendehaug et al, 1992;Neff and Sauer, 1995). Because of high variability in its chemical composition, toxicity of produced water shows a wide range of results (summarized by Patin, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation of heavy metals in produced water: Influence on contaminant transport and toxicity

Azetsu-Scott

Yeats

Wohlgeschaffen

et al. 2007

Marine Environmental Research

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“…Their chloride content varies from almost those of fresh water to salty formation water with chloride concentration about 14 times that of seawater. Its acidity is greater than that of produced water from oilfields [2,18].…”

Section: Produced Water From Gas Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies indicate that the produced water discharge from gas/condensate platform are about 10 times more toxic than produced water discharged from oil platform [18,33].…”

Section: Environmental Effects Of Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Impact and Alternative Treatment for Produced Water

Hedar

Budiyono²

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. Oil and gas exploration and production are two of the activities that potentially cause pollution and environmental damage. The largest waste generated from this activity is produced water. Produced water contains hazardous pollutants of both organic and inorganic materials, so that the produced water of oil and gas production cannot be discharged directly to the environment. Uncontrolled discharge can lead to the environmental damage, killing the life of water and plants. The produced water needs to be handled and fulfill the quality standards before being discharged to the environment. Several studies to reduce the contaminants in the produced water were conducted by researchers. Among them were gravity based separation -flotation, separation technique based on filtration, and biological process treatment. Therefore, some of these methods can be used as an alternative waste handling of produced water.

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The Composition of Produced Water from Shell Operated Oil and Gas Production in the North Sea

Cited by 57 publications

References 5 publications

Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Produced Water from Terminals of Some Oil Industry Facilities in Nigeria

Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Produced Water from Terminals of Some Oil Industry Facilities in Nigeria

Precipitation of heavy metals in produced water: Influence on contaminant transport and toxicity

Pollution Impact and Alternative Treatment for Produced Water

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