The Composition of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions in Primary Hypothyroidism and the Effect of Hormone-Replacement Therapy

Ballantyne, Fiona C.; Epenetos, Agamemnon A.; Forsythe, Shaula R.; Ballantyne, D.

doi:10.1042/cs0570083

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, antithyroid therapy raised HDL cholesterol (93,95,128,153). Administration of T 4 produced inconstant changes in HDL cholesterol, sometimes increasing (137), decreasing (18,93,132,133,152,153), or not changing (121,136,138) its concentration. Thyroid hormones also seem to have a differential effect on subfractions of the HDL.…”

Section: Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An overwhelming majority of reported data, however, support the conclusion that thyroid hormones lower serum cholesterol, primarily within the LDL fraction. Hyperthyroidism is universally associated with decreases in the following: total LDL (130,131), LDL cholesterol (18,95,102,121,128,(132)(133)(134)(135)(136)(137)(138), LDL TG (131,132,136,139) and LDL protein, primarily apo-B (93,95,102,131,136,140). These effects are reversed with antithyroid therapy, and with hypothyroidism (8, 18, 93 r 95, 127, 128, 130-133,140-142).…”

Section: Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Plasma Lipoproteins and Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Altered Thyroid States*

1985

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This article reviews our understanding of effects of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency on hepatic metabolism of FFA, and consequent effects on production, secretion, and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. In the hyperthyroid state the following alterations are observed. Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis are stimulated simultaneously with a paradoxical stimulation of fatty acid synthesis, which may be linked by virtue of a blunted response of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) to malonyl coenzyme A (CoA). Esterification of fatty acid to triglyceride (TG) is reduced, as is the secretion of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (including VLDL TG, cholesterol, and apoprotein); this may be due, in part, to decreased concentrations of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) in the hepatic cell. In the intact animal or patient, however, serum TG concentration is variable, which may reflect increased adipose tissue lipolysis and elevated concentrations of plasma FFA, which would tend to drive VLDL secretion by the liver. Clearance of the VLDL and its metabolic product, the low density lipoprotein (LDL), is increased, resulting in decreased plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Although high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol may also be reduced, the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterol is further decreased. The regulatory role of the lipoprotein apoproteins is less clear, but hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B secretion (required for VLDL) is diminished, while apo-AI secretion (required for HDL) is stimulated, perhaps both reflecting rates of synthesis. Plasma concentrations of apo-AI are variable, dependent on relative rates of secretion and clearance. In the hypothyroid, many of these effects are reversed, which results in hyperlipoproteinemias and greater risk for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma Lipoproteins and Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Altered Thyroid States*

1985

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“…A prominent lipoprotein alteration in primary hypothyroidism is an increase in serum LDL cho¬ lesterol levels (Walton et al 1965;Rössner & Rosenqvist 1974;Ballantyne et al 1979). A close, inverse relationship has been found between serum triiodothyronine (S-T3) levels and LDL cholesterol concentrations (Valdemarsson et al, in press).…”

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confidence: 94%

Dyslipoproteinaemia in hypothyroidism of pituitary origin: effects of l-thyroxine substitution on lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and on plasma lipoproteins

Valdemarsson

Hedner

Nilsson‐Ehle

1983

Acta Endocrinologica

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We have studied the effects of l-thyroxine substitution on lipoprotein concentrations, on the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), and on the elimination rate of exogenous triglyceride in a homogeneous group of patients with hypothyroidism of pituitary origin. All were deficient of sex hormones but not of corticosteroids during the observation period. Before treatment total plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher than in a euthyroid control group but not as high as in patients with overt primary hypothyroidism. The activities of LPL and HL were also intermediate between those of euthyroid and overt primary hypothyroid subjects, and there was a significant reduction of the elimination rate of exogenous triglyceride. No changes were found for HDL cholesterol levels.When the patients with secondary hypothyroidism were compared to patients with primary hypothyroidism, matched for thyroid function levels, age, sex, and weight, there were no differences with regard to plasma lipoprotein concentrations or post-heparin lipase activities. In 3 patients with secondary hypothyroidism the lipoprotein profiles were studied by zonal ultracentrifugation and found to agree well with changes observed in primary hypothyroidism. l-thyroxine substitution produced a normalization of lipase activities and lipoprotein concentrations in patients with secondary hypothyroidism. We conclude that there are no fundamental differences in the disturbances of the lipoprotein metabolism in primary and secondary forms of hypothyroidism.

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“…In the past, only a few studies have addressed the effects of thyroid hormones on serum IDL level 12 –15 . In hypothyroid patients, serum concentrations of TC, TG and apoB have been increased in LDL fractions, which corresponded mainly to IDL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroxine inversely regulates serum intermediate density lipoprotein levels in children with congenital hypothyroidism

Asami

Ciomârtan²,

Uchiyama³

1999

Pediatr Int

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The Composition of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions in Primary Hypothyroidism and the Effect of Hormone-Replacement Therapy

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Plasma Lipoproteins and Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Altered Thyroid States*

Plasma Lipoproteins and Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism of Fatty Acids in Altered Thyroid States*

Dyslipoproteinaemia in hypothyroidism of pituitary origin: effects of l-thyroxine substitution on lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and on plasma lipoproteins

Thyroxine inversely regulates serum intermediate density lipoprotein levels in children with congenital hypothyroidism

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