The composition of kukersite shale oil

Abstract

Pyrolysis oils are usually considered as substitutes for crude oil; however, they can also be sources of valuable compounds. One such pyrolysis oil is shale oil obtained by pyrolysis of kukersite oil shale. K shale oil consists mainly of aromatic structures with straight alkyl side chains. For samples with comparable boiling point distributions, kukersite shale oil is more aromatic than petroleum and many other shale oils. Sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are often incorporated into the ring structures, with much of the oxygen also present as phenolic hydroxyl groups.To evaluate the potential for producing some specific compounds from kukersite shale oil foundational data on the composition is needed. Here we analyze new data on the elemental composition and infrared spectrum of kukersite shale oil to investigate its composition. To get detailed information on how the composition of the oil changes depending on the average molecular weight of the oil fraction, the shale oil was separated into narrow boiling fractions using distillation.The results show that the nitrogen content in kukersite shale oil increases with the boiling temperature, with the heaviest fractions containing about 0.3 wt%. Sulfur content reaches a maximum of almost 2 wt% for fractions boiling between 150 and 190 °C, and heavier fractions contain about 0.7 wt%. Similarly, the proportion of hydroxyl groups in kukersite shale oil peaks in the fraction boiling at about 320 °C, with heavier fractions containing more aromatic and alkyl functional groups. The elemental composition of kukersite shale oil is also compared to that of other shale oils.

Viscosity data for kukersite shale gasoline fractions

“…The equa did not predict the correct temperature dependence of the viscosity, as could be the fact that the residuals followed a clear trend when plotted versus temperature be due to the difference in composition between shale gasoline and petroleum. K shale oil, including the lighter gasoline fraction, is more aromatic than most petro fractions with comparable distillation ranges [16].…”

“…This may be due to the difference in composition between shale gasoline and petroleum. Kukersite shale oil, including the lighter gasoline fraction, is more aromatic than most petroleum fractions with comparable distillation ranges [16].…”

Application of artificial neural network for prediction of 10 crude oil properties

“…Baird et al [9] 2015 FTIR PLS Hydroxyl % 100 narrow boiling shale oil cuts Baird and Oja [10] 2022 FTIR SVM MW, SG, Ave BP, and RI…”

“…Baird et al [9] used FTIR spectroscopy and PLS regression to quantitatively measure the concentrations of hydroxyl among 100 narrow boiling shale oil cuts. In another work (2022), Baird and Oja [10] predicted four basic oil properties-molecular weight, specific gravity, average boiling point, and refractive index parameter of Kukersite shale oil-using infrared spectra and support vector regression (SVR). Cunha et al [11] used PLS, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) methods to model a relationship between the near-infrared spectroscopy data and physical-chemical and kinematic viscosity of the biodiesel samples at 40 C and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP).…”