The composition of fluid collected by micropuncture and catheterization from the seminiferous tubules and rete testis of rats

Tuck, R. R.; Setchell, B. P.; Waites, G. M. H.; Young, J. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00593663

Cited by 214 publications

(154 citation statements)

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“…It was also suggested that measurements of spermatocrit in STF and RTF supported the two-fluid theory (Tuck et al, 1970 ;Levine and Marsh, 1971 ;Howards, Johnson and Jessee, 1975 Permeability of seminiferous tubules and rete testis to potassium and sodium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The fluid in the seminiferous tubules may represent a special micro-environment favourable for meiosis, and indeed, meiosis is completed only after fluid secretion has been established (Setchell, 1970). The unusual composition of the fluid in the excurrent duct system is maintained by the blood-testis barrier, which restricts the passage of micropuncture in rats and hamsters (Tuck et al, 1970 ;Levine and Marsh, 1971 ;Howards, Johnson and Jessee, 1975 ;Johnson and Howards, 1977) or its composition calculated from the differences between one testis with its efferent ducts ligated (EDL) 16 to 24 hr before and the contralateral unligated testis (Setchell et al, 1976 (Hartree, 1972) (Beaumont, 1960 (Dym, 1974). Furthermore, the two-fluid theory was not supported by later evidence obtained by microperfusion of tubules with solutions of different composition (Henning and Young, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the rate of weight gain by the testis after efferent duct ligation (Setchell, 1970) and from the rate of flow of fluid from a rete testis catheter, after accumulated fluid has been removed (Tuck et al, 1970) …”

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confidence: 99%

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The movement of fluid in the seminiferous tubules and rete testis

Setchell¹,

Davies²,

Gladwell³

et al. 1978

Ann. Biol. anim. Bioch. Biophys.

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Summary. The composition of fluid from the seminiferous tubules and rete testis of the rat has been studied. Differences in ionic, steroid and protein concentrations in the two fluids suggest that two different fluids are secreted, but from the numbers of sperm and the concentrations of inositol, it now seems more likely that all the fluid is secreted in the seminiferous tubules but that its composition is modified as it passes through the tubuli recti or when it reaches the rete testis. The permeability of the rete to potassium is appreciably higher than that to sodium ; the latter is comparable to the permeability of the tubules to both ions. The potential difference from blood is similar at the two sites (approx. 5 mV lumen negative).Movements of fluid along the tubules have been observed using small oil droplets. Introduction.

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confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

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The movement of fluid in the seminiferous tubules and rete testis

Setchell¹,

Davies²,

Gladwell³

et al. 1978

Ann. Biol. anim. Bioch. Biophys.

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“…Micropuncture techniques require removal of at least part of the tunica albuginea and this may disturb the fluid formation and removal. The potassium concentration in samples removed in this way was about 50% higher than blood plasma (Tuck et al 1970) whereas the potassium concentration in lymph from the spermatic cord was equal to that in blood plasma (see Setche1l1970a), suggesting that cell contents were contaminating the interstitial fluid sampled in this way. The volumes obtained are also very small, although they were sufficient in one study to yield some testosterone levels (Table 2).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Movement of Fluids and Substances in the Testis

Setchell¹

1986

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Three aspects of the control of movements of fluids and substances into, out of and inside the testis are discussed: the tubular barrier, the interstitial extracellular fluid and the testicular blood vessels. The functional basis for the tubular barrier is twofold; there are significant differences in the concentration of many substances inside and outside the tubules and marker substances enter or leave the tubular fluid at widely different rates, depending on lipid solubility and the presence of specific carrier systems. The anatomical basis for this barrier appears to be the specialized junctions between adjacent pairs of Sertoli cells. The barrier develops only at puberty, as the first cells undergo meiosis, but the development may not be as sudden as previously believed. The barrier breaks down after efferent duct ligation when spermatogenesis is disrupted. Techniques for measuring the volume, the turnover rate, the composition and fate of the interstitial extracellular fluid are described, and the unsatisfactory features of the presently available techniques for collecting this fluid for analysis are emphasized. There is a relationship between the fluid in the testis and lymph from vessels in the spermatic cord and lymph may be important for the transport of hormones to the general circulation in some circumstances and to other organs close to the testis. The testicular blood vessels display certain unusual features, a very high susceptibility to the toxic effects of cadmium salts, a high level of alkaline phosphatase activity in all endothelial cells but only after puberty and a high level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the endothelial cells of the arterioles and the testicular artery. These same cells are the site for a specific transport system for leucine and phenylalanine, with kinetic characteristics similar to the system in brain. Flow of blood may limit hormone secretion by the aspermatogenic testis, but diffusion limitation may also be important under some circumstances. A fuller understanding of the ways in which substances move around in the testis, particularly how they cross the endothelial cell layer or penetrate into the tubules, will be important for a better appreciation of testicular function.

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“…Durant la m6me p6riode, nous avions commenc6, Geoffrey Waites et moi-m6me, ~ recueillir chez le b61ier le fluide du rete testis [44,45] et chez le rat les fluides du rete testis et de la lumi6re des tubes s6minif~res [43]. Nous avons remarqu6 que les deux fluides 6taient bien diff6rents du plasma sanguin.…”

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Physiologie de la Barrière Sang-Testicule

Setchell

2001

Androl.

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RI~SUMI~Des p r e u v e s de l'existence d'une barri~re entre la lumi~re des tubes s6minif~res et le sang sont r e p r 6 s e n t 6 e s par: la coloration in6gale des testicules apr6s injection de certains colorants, la distribution des substances radioaetives dans le testicule, la composition des fluides du rete testis et de la lumi~re des tubes, la vitesse de p6n6tration de diff6rentes substances dans ces fluides, et la pr6sence de jonctions sp6cialis6es entre les cellules de Sertoli qui bloquent la p6n6tration du lanthan u m et d'autres marqueurs opaques aux 61ec-trons dans les tubules. Cette barri~re se d6ve-loppe au m o m e n t de la pubert6. Cependant, les cellules endoth61iales du testicule ont des caract6ristiques qui sont retrouv6es dans les cellules endoth61iales du cerveau qui forment la barri~re sang-cerveau. Le tissu p6ritubu-laire poss~de aussi u n syst~me sp6cifique pour le transport de l'ur~e, et ces deux tissus p e u v e n t aussi r~guler l'entr6e des substances dans le testicule. La barri~re reste effective dans certaines circonstances dans lesquelles la spermatogen~se est perturb~e, mais la barri~re est moins effective p e n d a n t la phase de r~gression testiculaire chez les esp~ces reproduction saisonni~re. I1 existe aussi des traitements qui rompent la barri~re en perturbant la spermatogen~se. I1 faut que les spermatogonies inject~es dans le rete passent travers la barri~re Sertolienne pour r~ta-blir la spermatogen~se dans les testicules infertiles, mais les cellules leuc~miques inject~es dans le rete p e u v e n t aussi passer de la lumi~re dans rinterstitium od u n e r~cidive de la maladie peut survenir.Mots Cl~s : Barri~re, transport, testicule, Sertoli, spermatogen~se, leucdmie Les preuves de l'existence d'une barri~re ou de barri~res entre le sang et les tubules s6mini-Feres sont apparues il y a presque cent ans. Un dessin de Goldmann [11] d a t a n t de 1909 repr6-sente un testicule de rat dans lequel on a inject6 de la teinture bleue pyrrol. On peut voir que les tubes s6minif~res ne sont pas color6s, mais le tissu interstitiel montre une forte coloration bleue. Plus r6cemment, il y a eu d'autres 6tudes de la distribution de substances radioactives mesur6e par autoradiographie, et on a dit que quelques unes 6taient exclues des tubes s6miniFeres [37]. On a pu aussi m e s u r e r l'espace ou volume de distribution, que l'on exprime en microlitres par gramme, d'un indicateur radioactif, comme le Cr-EDTA par exemple, espace qui repr6sente n o r m a l e m e n t 60 % du volume du tissu interstitiel quand il est estim6 par morphom6trie [40]. Ce chiffre est augment6 si la barri~re est rompue [41].

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The composition of fluid collected by micropuncture and catheterization from the seminiferous tubules and rete testis of rats

Cited by 214 publications

References 40 publications

The movement of fluid in the seminiferous tubules and rete testis

The movement of fluid in the seminiferous tubules and rete testis

The Movement of Fluids and Substances in the Testis

Physiologie de la Barrière Sang-Testicule

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