The Composition and Nature of Vulcanisation Fumes in the Rubber Industry – a Technical Review

Forrest, Martin J.

doi:10.1177/147776061503100401

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fourth, this review included rubber manufacturing emissions studies from over a span of 42 years. During this period, substantial changes in rubber manufacturing work practices have occurred, which potentially affected the comparability or contemporary relevance of some of the results and conclusions. Finally, our review was restricted to published studies written in the English language, which might have underestimated the occurrence of NMRD among rubber workers and the systematic review results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Non‐malignant respiratory disease among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Thapa

Tomasi

Cox‐Ganser

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Non-malignant respiratory disease (NMRD) cases have occurred among rubber manufacturing workers. We examined exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions as a risk factor for NMRD.Methods: From a systematic literature review, we identified case reports and assessed cross-sectional and mortality studies for strength of evidence of positive association (strong, intermediate, non-significant positive association, none) between exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions and NMRD-related morbidity and mortality, and conducted two meta-analyses. Results:We analyzed 62 articles. We identified 11 cases of NMRD. Nine (30%) of 30 cross-sectional studies and one (4%) of 26 mortality studies had strong evidence. The summary odds ratio and SMR for the cross-sectional and mortality meta-analyses were 3.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-6.51) and 0.90 (95%CI, 0.82-0.99), respectively. Conclusion:Available evidence supports rubber manufacturing emissions as a potential risk factor for NMRD-related morbidity. Further investigations with longer follow-up periods and inclusion of short-tenured workers could further define risks for NMRD and identify prevention strategies. K E Y W O R D Schronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, emphysema, eosinophilia, nonmalignant respiratory disease, occupational asthma, occupational lung disease, rubber

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 500 ingredients are combined to produce various types of rubber . During rubber manufacturing, workers are potentially exposed to feedstock materials and reaction products released in the forms of gases, vapors, dusts, mists, and ultrafine particles, collectively referred as rubber manufacturing emissions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐malignant respiratory disease among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Thapa

Tomasi

Cox‐Ganser

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to previous research, more VOCs and harmful factors are generated in the synthetic rubber manufacturing industry (SBR, NBR, EPDM rubber) than in the tire manufacturing industry. Accordingly, this suggests that more research is needed in the rubber-related manufacturing industry than in the tire manufacturing industry [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritization of Volatile Organic Compound Reduction in the Tire Manufacturing Industry through Speciation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted at the Fenceline

Lee,

Kim,

Seo

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with their ubiquitous presence across numerous global industries, pose multifaceted challenges, influencing air pollution and health outcomes. In response, countries such as the United States and Canada have implemented fenceline monitoring systems, enabling real-time tracking of organic solvents, including benzene. Initially, this focus was predominantly placed on the petroleum refining industry, but it has gradually been broadening. This investigation seeks to identify and analyze the specific VOCs produced in the tire manufacturing sector by utilizing both active and passive monitoring methodologies. The findings of the present study aim to recommend prioritized reduction strategies for specific VOCs. Percentage means the ratio of VOCs detected at the research site. At research target facility A, active monitoring demonstrated the presence of Methylene chloride (20.7%) and Carbon tetrachloride (15.3%), whereas passive monitoring identified Carbon tetrachloride (43.4%) and m,p-Xylene (20.8%). After converting these substances to their equivalent concentrations, we found a noteworthy correlation between the active and passive methodologies. At research target facility B, active monitoring detected n-Pentane (45.5%) and Isoprene (11.4%), while passive monitoring revealed Toluene (21.3%) and iso-Hexane (15.8%). Interestingly, even at sites like warehouses and test tracks where VOC concentrations were projected to be low, we observed VOC levels comparable to those in process areas. This underlines the fact that the dispersal of VOCs is considerably influenced by wind direction and speed. Specifically, in the tire manufacturing industry, emissions of Xylene and 3-Methylhexane, both having high photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), contribute significantly to air pollution. However, the overall detection concentration in the tire manufacturing industry was detected at a low concentration of less than 2 μg/m3. This is less than 9 μg/m3, which is the standard for benzene, which has strong carcinogenicity regulations. This suggests that additional research is needed on synthetic rubber manufacturing rather than tire manufacturing.

show abstract

“…It has been suggested that this reduction is mainly due to technological improvement ways, modernisation of ventilation and extraction equipment and changes in working practices. As an example, the evaluation of the environmental impact of the gaseous emissions from the rubber manufacturing by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency in 1991 revealed that the cessation of chemicals use or the replacement of chemicals that are harmful to human health and environment by safer ones are part of a global approach which aims for improvements in the production process (Forrest, 2015). However it is important that besides the efforts towards safer workplaces, technologies are also developed and implemented to control the emissions to the environment in particular stack exhaust emissions (Rosen and Kishawy, 2012), where it is common to find mixtures of biodegradable (such as alcohols) and more recalcitrant (mixtures of alkanes) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of gaseous emissions from tire manufacturing industry using lab-scale biofiltration pilot units

Malhautier

Rocher

Gouello

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Composition and Nature of Vulcanisation Fumes in the Rubber Industry – a Technical Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Non‐malignant respiratory disease among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Non‐malignant respiratory disease among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prioritization of Volatile Organic Compound Reduction in the Tire Manufacturing Industry through Speciation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted at the Fenceline

Treatment of gaseous emissions from tire manufacturing industry using lab-scale biofiltration pilot units

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About