The Components of Executive Functioning in Traumatic Brain Injury

Busch, Robyn M.; McBride, Angela; Curtiss, Glenn; Vanderploeg, Rodney D.

doi:10.1080/13803390490919263

Cited by 97 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…El propósito de esta investigación fue saber si se podrían detectar dimensiones del desempeño ejecutivo en pacientes con trastornos del espectro de la esquizofrenia, de acuerdo con la hipótesis planteada y según un modelo fraccionado de la función ejecutiva 21,29 . El análisis factorial de la batería neuropsicológica empleada reveló tres componentes que reflejan las funciones: flexibilidad cognitiva (Factor 1), control de la interferencia y memoria de trabajo (Factor 2), y velocidad de procesamiento y atención dividida (Factor 3).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Alteraciones neurocognitivas en la esquizofrenia. Análisis factorial

Gaviria

Salvat

Nadal

et al. 2017

MedUPB

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RESUMENObjetivo: el déficit en los procesos cognitivos, específicamente en el rendimiento ejecutivo, de los pacientes con esquizofrenia se ha asociado con mala adaptación social. Un modelo factorial de las funciones ejecutivas permitiría detectar la asociación entre el perfil sintomático, el deterioro de la función ejecutiva y las necesidades de rehabilitación. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar factores de la función ejecutiva mediante un análisis factorial de las puntuaciones tipificadas de una serie de pruebas neuropsicológicas, en un grupo de pacientes ambulatorios con diagnósticos del espectro de la esquizofrenia. Metodología: estudio factorial mediante un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) con rotación ortogonal (varimax) de 13 medidas neuropsicológicas estandarizadas. Resultados: se obtuvieron tres factores independientes: (1) flexibilidad cognitiva, (2) control de la interferencia y memoria de trabajo y (3) velocidad de procesamiento y atención, que proporcionan una medición psicométrica adecuada del desempeño ejecutivo de los pacientes estudiados. Conclusiones: el análisis revela una estructura compleja de tres dimensiones cognitivas discretas que se pueden medir con una batería de uso común en la clínica. Palabras clave: análisis factorial; función ejecutiva; trastornos del espectro de la esquizofrenia. ABSTRACT Objective:The deficit in cognitive processes, specifically in executive function of patients with schizophrenia, has been associated with poor social adaptation. A factor model of executive functions would allow for the detection of the association between the symptomatic profile, the deterioration of the executive function, and rehabilitation needs. The objective of this study was to identify factors of the executive function through factor analysis of typified scores from a series of neuropsychological tests in a group of outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Methodology: Factor study through principal components analysis (PCA) with orthogonal rotation (varimax) of 13 standardized neuropsychological measures. Results: Three independent factors were obtained: (1) cognitive flexibility, (2) interference control and working memory, and (3) processing speed and attention, which provide an adequate psychometric measurement of executive function in the patients studied. Conclusions: The analysis reveals a complex structure of three discrete cognitive dimensions that can be measured with cognitive assessment tools commonly used in the hospital.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Alteraciones neurocognitivas en la esquizofrenia. Análisis factorial

Gaviria

Salvat

Nadal

et al. 2017

MedUPB

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“…Ou seja, o funcionamento executivo parece estar subjacente à aprendizagem auditivo verbal, e a própria lista do RAVLT, ao longo da realização das tentativas, pode criar uma interferência nela mesma se não houver um controle inibitório adequado. Um estudo que investigou os subcomponentes de habilidades executivas em pacientes pós-TCE (Busch et al, 2005) sugeriu que a falha em inibir o relato das palavras em um teste de memória verbal deve estar relacionada com o papel do córtex frontal na evocação das memórias.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Diversos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com o objetivo de propor modelos teóricos para as FEs, assim como de especificar a relação entre tais habilidades e processos mnemônicos, atencionais e linguísticos (Busch, McBride, Curtiss, & Vanderploeg, 2005;Diamond, 2013;Noël et al, 2012;Packwood et al, 2011).…”

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“…Embora as FEs tenham sido muito estudadas pós-TCE, ainda é incipiente a investigação da relação entre subcomponentes executivos e mnemônicos episódicos assim como a relação entre subcomponentes executivos, tais como iniciação e inibição, por exemplo. Nesse sentido, somente foi encontrado um estudo que integrou o funcionamento da memória episódica com componentes das FEs em pacientes pós-TCE (Busch et al, 2005). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as associações e dissociações encontradas entre déficits de um teste que avalia memória episódica em relação a outro que avalia FEs em um grupo de pacientes pós-TCE e verificar se os déficits poderiam ser considerados primários ou secundários a partir dos escores Z encontrados.…”

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Déficits Primários e Secundários de Funções Executivas Pós-TCE: análise de dissociações

Kochhann¹,

Pereira²,

Branco³

et al. 2016

Inter. Psicol.

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RESUMOEste estudo avaliou as associações e dissociações encontradas entre déficits de memória episódica em relação aos de funções executivas e verificou se estes déficits encontrados eram primários ou secundários. Os 81 pacientes pós-Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) foram avaliados por meio do Teste de Aprendizagem Auditivo-Verbal de Rey e do Teste Hayling. Os resultados sugerem que prejuízo na velocidade de controle inibitório pode contribuir para déficit na memória episódica e que as velocidades de iniciação e inibição parecem ser complementares, mas a primeira precede a segunda. Nossos achados ressaltam que os prejuízos executivos provavelmente sejam primários em nossa amostra de pacientes pós-TCE e que estes prejuízos podem causar déficits na memória episódica.Palavras-chave: traumatismo cranioencefálico; memória episódica; funções executivas; iniciação; inibição. ABSTRACT Primary and Secondary Executive Function Deficits Following TBI: analysis of dissociationsThe present study evaluated the presence of associations and dissociations between impairments in episodic memory and executive functions in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and verified whether these deficits were primary or secondary. Eighty-one patients with TBI were assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Hayling Test. The results suggest that impairments in inhibition speed may contribute to deficits in episodic memory, and that initiation and inhibition abilities may be complementary and the first precedes the second. Our findings highlighted that primary executive impairment following TBI may lead to episodic memory deficits.

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“…In relation to executive functioning, several authors have used factor analysis to identify the components underlying the construct executive functions [37,38]. One of the most recognizable factorial models [39,40] probably classifies the executive components into four independent but related components, Change, inhibition and decision making).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Profile of Women with Substance-Related Disorders under Treatment in a Drug Dependence Unit

Blanco¹,

Fernández²,

Martínez³

et al. 2017

JPCPY

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This study aims to describe the neuropsychological profile of a clinical sample of drug -dependent women to treatment in a drug dependency. A battery of neuropsychological evaluation was applied to an intentional sample composed of 25 drug-dependent women with subjective complaints of attention and / or memory, who were referred to the area of neuropsychology of the Drug Dependency Unit of the Concello de Vigo CEDRO (Galicia, Spain). The scores related to the cognitive / executive functioning of the sample are indicative of difficulties in visuospatial processing speed (M = 43.79, SD = 14.88) The use of psychoactive substances has been consistently associated with the presence of alterations in different neuropsychological processes: memory, attention or executive functions [4][5][6][7][8].Most studies carried out in the drug-dependent population are mostly or exclusively male [9], and few studies have analyzed gender differences, although this aspect is of great relevance for the knowledge of the different disorders, As expressed in the guidelines for the development of future diagnostic classifications.In the current 2013-2016 Action Plan, the importance of the gender focus for specific attention to drug-dependent women (National Plan on Drugs, 2013a) is highlighted on multiple occasions. These proposals reflect a need already demanded in theoretical and research papers that demonstrate the existence of differences between women and men in terms of drug use and their psychological intervention, often using a traditional nonspecific intervention model.Physiologically it is known that women tend to have a more rapid development of the symptoms associated with dependence, arriving at treatment with less years of consumption and with more severe symptoms and that the neurotoxic effects of Cocaine can cause more CNS damage in men than in women.The presence of dual pathology and the severity of psychiatric symptomatology make it difficult to treat drug dependence, which indicates the need to simultaneously detect and treat both disorders [10]. The mortality risk attributable to dual pathology has been found to be significantly higher in women than in men and that women appear to be more vulnerable to presenting psychotic symptoms faster than men.Taking into account epidemiological data in relation to consumption in Spain, the differences between men and women are becoming smaller, with only women emphasizing the consumption of psychoactive drugs.There is evidence of high variability in response to methadone treatment among patients indicating that they may have different treatment needs. Men and women in particular are known to differ in susceptibility to addiction and behavior, including the age of first use of opiates, progress to regular use and age of admission treatment. Men and women are also likely to differ in methadone treatment outcomes, although the differences are not clear in the literature. Therefore, current standards of treatment that offer

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The Components of Executive Functioning in Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 97 publications

References 27 publications

Alteraciones neurocognitivas en la esquizofrenia. Análisis factorial

Alteraciones neurocognitivas en la esquizofrenia. Análisis factorial

Déficits Primários e Secundários de Funções Executivas Pós-TCE: análise de dissociações

Neuropsychological Profile of Women with Substance-Related Disorders under Treatment in a Drug Dependence Unit

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