The complexity of the international food industry

Abstract

Abstract:The international food industry is a complex and intertwined system of actions and re-actions covering many areas. Multiple concepts presented by scholarly literature are examined emphasising the vastness and complexity of international trade activities conducted by multiple nations with multiple resources. Research and discussions concerning the international food industry include religions, health, nutritional, moral, political and economic characteristics when examining the complexity of the international food industry. Variations in how different countries, different cultures and religious beliefs, different health and safety standards, and different business practices interact with each other in the international food industry are analysed. How international food industries are influenced by complex issues of cultural and religious processing requirements, food safety, food crimes, and governmental economic negotiations are examined through qualitative and empirical analysis. Game Theory and internal controls used in fraud detection is examined for further research supporting strategic moves of international trade participants.

Long COVID and Health Inequities: The Role of Primary Care

“…In recent years, this sector has seen extensive consolidation (small plants closing and being replaced by very large plants) and vertical integration (a single firm controlling the entire supply chain from the farm to the supermarket). These businesses are now typically owned by vast international companies employing thousands of workers to achieve economies of scale 104 . Corporate social responsibility has been limited, with a progressive erosion of workers’ rights to sick leave and other benefits 105 .…”

Organised food crime: an analysis of the involvements of organised crime groups in the food sector in England and Italy

“…Likewise, global food systems have been at risk under the Covid-19 pandemic, which has caused economic shocks with stronger impacts on medium and small agri-food producers that, under the need of cash flow and financial liquidity, might recur to illegal loans provided by organised criminals. Additionally, this perspective moves on from the traditional frame of food offences as crimes against consumers towards a wider approach capable of highlighting the social harms caused by food crime practices, labelling victims of food crimes as food citizens rather than only consumers and, finally, considering interests such as the defence of food culture, food democracy and food sovereignty [2,4,5,7,14,15,98,99,[115][116][117][118].…”

Food Crime: A Review of the UK Institutional Perception of Illicit Practices in the Food Sector

“…This conceptualization includes a wide range of illicit behaviors, including economic and physical harm to humans and non-humans involved in the food sector (Gray and Hinch 2015). Gray and Hinch (2015) argue that the criminological implications of food crime should be analyzed by investigating the criminogenic factors and the complexity of the contemporary food production system (Croall 2013;McDowell 2017). More specifically, Croall (2013) suggests a study of cultural factors, such as unethical consumption of unhealthy food that involves the exploitation of workers and environmental harms, and organizational factors, such as competition and corporate power.…”