“…Several authors have pointed at potential weaknesses in EDR methodology (Dede, 2004;Shavelson, Phillips, Towne, & Feuer, 2003), questioning EDR's potential to draw causal claims in natural settings and EDR's tendency to generalize small scale studies (Kelly, 2004). Akkerman, Bronkhorst, and Zitter (2013) maintain that pursuing concurrent goals in EDR requires immediate and sometimes intuitive actions and decisions, as accepted systems of quality assurance are lacking. Barab and Squire (2004) highlight how EDR requires researchers to carefully balance insider and outsider perspectives: "If a researcher is intimately involved in the conceptualization, design, development, implementation, and re-searching of a pedagogical approach, then ensuring that researchers can make credible and trustworthy assertions is a challenge" (p.10).…”