The complex regulation of WRKY53 during leaf senescence of Arabidopsis thaliana

Zentgraf, Ulrike; Laun, Tilmann; Miao, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.10.014

Cited by 143 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Upon dark treatment for 1 d, the level of EIN3 transcript evidently increased, suggesting that EIN3 may be one of the early-acting regulators to initiate leaf senescence. As previously reported, we also found that dark treatment induced the expression of NAP and SAG12, but not WRKY53 (Zentgraf et al, 2010).…”

Section: Ein3 Transcript Levels and Ein3 Activity Increase During Leasupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is also noteworthy that knockout or enhancement of any component in the NAC2 signaling cascade would, sooner or later, end up with leaf senescence and plant death, again reinforcing the notion that no single gene or pathway is absolutely required for the onset or progression of plant senescence, at least in Arabidopsis. Further research is needed to integrate the NAC2 pathway with other components or pathways, such as NAP (Guo and Gan, 2006;Kou et al, 2012), WRKY53 (Zentgraf et al, 2010), and G2-like transcription factor . The connection and convergence of these sparsely defined pathways will eventually elucidate the complete gene network and help unravel the regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf senescence.…”

Section: The Emergence Of a Senescence Signaling Cascade Involving Eimentioning

confidence: 99%

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ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 Is a Senescence-Associated Gene That Accelerates Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence by Directly Repressing miR164 Transcription in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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Numerous endogenous and environmental signals regulate the intricate and highly orchestrated process of plant senescence. Ethylene is a well-known inducer of senescence, including fruit ripening and flower and leaf senescence. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of ethylene-induced leaf senescence remains to be elucidated. Here, we examine ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), a key transcription factor in ethylene signaling, and find that EIN3 is a functional senescence-associated gene. Constitutive overexpression or temporary activation of EIN3 is sufficient to accelerate leaf senescence symptoms. Conversely, loss of EIN3 and EIN3-Like1 (its close homolog) function leads to a delay in agedependent and ethylene-, jasmonic acid-, or dark-induced leaf senescence. We further found that EIN3 acts downstream of ORESARA2 (ORE2)/ORE3/EIN2 to repress miR164 transcription and upregulate the transcript levels of ORE1/NAC2, a target gene of miR164. EIN3 directly binds to the promoters of microRNA164 (miR164), and this binding activity progressively increases during leaf ageing. Genetic analysis revealed that overexpression of miR164 or knockout of ORE1/NAC2 represses EIN3-induced early-senescence phenotypes. Collectively, our study defines a continuation of the signaling pathway involving EIN2-EIN3-miR164-NAC2 in regulating leaf senescence and provides a mechanistic insight into how ethylene promotes the progression of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Section: Ein3 Transcript Levels and Ein3 Activity Increase During Leasupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: The Emergence Of a Senescence Signaling Cascade Involving Eimentioning

confidence: 99%

ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 Is a Senescence-Associated Gene That Accelerates Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence by Directly Repressing miR164 Transcription in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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“…Similar to the control of flowering time, leaf senescence is a life history trait regulated by not only developmental programs but also environmental conditions, such as light (Quirino et al, 2000;Lim et al, 2007;Zentgraf et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2012). For example, photoperiod-dependent regulation of the onset of leaf senescence has been reported in Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr., aspen (Populus spp), and soybean (Glycine max) (Krizek et al, 1966;Keskitalo et al, 2005;Han et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Light-Dependent Interaction between Cryptochrome2 and CIB1 Regulates Transcription and Leaf Senescence in Soybean

et al. 2013

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Cryptochromes are blue light receptors that regulate light responses in plants, including various crops. The molecular mechanism of plant cryptochromes has been extensively investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana, but it has not been reported in any crop species. Here, we report a study of the mechanism of soybean (Glycine max) cryptochrome2 (CRY2a). We found that CRY2a regulates leaf senescence, which is a life history trait regulated by light and photoperiods via previously unknown mechanisms. We show that CRY2a undergoes blue light-dependent interaction with the soybean basic helix-loop-helix transcription activator CIB1 (for cryptochrome-interacting bHLH1) that specifically interacts with the E-box (CANNTG) DNA sequences. Analyses of transgenic soybean plants expressing an elevated or reduced level of the CRY2a or CIB1 demonstrate that CIB1 promotes leaf senescence, whereas CRY2a suppresses leaf senescence. Results of the gene expression and molecular interaction analyses support the hypothesis that CIB1 activates transcription of senescence-associated genes, such as WRKY DNA BINDING PROTEIN53b (WRKY53b), and leaf senescence. CIB1 interacts with the E-box-containing promoter sequences of the WRKY53b chromatin, whereas photoexcited CRY2a interacts with CIB1 to inhibit its DNA binding activity. These findings argue that CIBdependent transcriptional regulation is an evolutionarily conserved CRY-signaling mechanism in plants, and this mechanism is opted in evolution to mediate light regulation of different aspects of plant development in different plant species.

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“…These transcription factors are characterized in the protein families NAC, WRKY, MYB, C2H2 zinc finger, bZIP, and AP2/EREBP. Among them, the NAC (Balazadeh et al, 2010(Balazadeh et al, , 2011 and WRKY (Miao et al, 2004;Ülker et al, 2007;Zentgraf et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2011) family members have been proven to play central roles in controlling leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Besides transcription factors, many other proteins with diverse functions, such as the activation domain (AD) protein , the epithiospecifying protein ESR/ESP , the SUVH2 histone methyltransferase (Ay et al, 2009), and the WHIRLY2 (WHY2) protein (Maréchal et al, 2008), have also been enumerated to participate in the regulation of plant senescence and cell death processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein WHIRLY1 Represses WRKY53 Expression and Delays Leaf Senescence in a Developmental Stage-Dependent Manner in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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Leaf senescence in plants involves both positive and negative transcriptional regulation. In this work, we show evidence for the single-stranded DNA-binding protein WHIRLY1 (WHY1) that functions as an upstream suppressor of WRKY53 in a developmental stage-dependent manner during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The why1 mutant displayed an early-senescence phenotype. In this background, the expression levels of both WRKY53 and the senescenceassociated protease gene SAG12 increased. WHY1 bound to the sequence region that contains an elicitor response element motif-like sequence, GNNNAAATT, plus an AT-rich telomeric repeat-like sequence in the WRKY53 promoter in in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis assays as well as in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. This binding to the promoter of WRKY53 was regulated in a developmental stage-dependent manner, as verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction assay. This direct interaction was further determined by a transient expression assay in which WHY1 repressed b-GLUCURONIDASE gene expression driven by the WRKY53 promoter. Genetic analysis of double mutant transgenic plants revealed that WHY1 overexpression in the wrky53 mutant (oeWHY1wrky53) had no effect on the stay-green phenotype of the wrky53 mutant, while a WHY1 knockout mutant in the wrky53 mutant background (why1wrky53) generated subtle change in the leaf yellow/green phenotype. These results suggest that WHY1 was an upstream regulator of WRKY53 during leaf senescence.

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The complex regulation of WRKY53 during leaf senescence of Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 143 publications

References 37 publications

ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 Is a Senescence-Associated Gene That Accelerates Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence by Directly Repressing miR164 Transcription in Arabidopsis

ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 Is a Senescence-Associated Gene That Accelerates Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence by Directly Repressing miR164 Transcription in Arabidopsis

Blue Light-Dependent Interaction between Cryptochrome2 and CIB1 Regulates Transcription and Leaf Senescence in Soybean

The Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein WHIRLY1 Represses WRKY53 Expression and Delays Leaf Senescence in a Developmental Stage-Dependent Manner in Arabidopsis

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