The Complex Puzzle of Interactions Among Functional Food, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Colorectal cancer exerts a strong influence on the epidemiological panorama worldwide, and it is directly correlated to etiologic factors that are substantiated by genetic and environmental elements. This complex mixture of factors also has a relationship involving the structural dependence and composition of the gut microbiome, leading to a dysbacteriosis process that may evolve to serious modifications in the intestinal lining, eventually causing the development of a neoplasm. The gastrointestinal tract presents defense strategies and immunological properties that interfere in intestinal permeability, inhibiting the bacterial translocation, thus maintaining the integrity of intestinal homeostasis. The modulation of the intestinal microbiome and the extinction of risk factors associated with intestinal balance losses, especially of environmental factors, make cell and defense alterations impossible. This modulation may be conducted by means of functional foods in the diet, especially soluble fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and prebiotics that signal immunomodulatory effects in the intestinal microbiota, with preventive and therapeutic action for colorectal cancer. In summary, this review focuses on the importance of dietary modulation of the intestinal microbiota as an instrument for dysbacteriosis and, consequently, for the prevention of colorectal cancer, suggesting anticarcinogenic, and antiangiogenic properties. Among the intestinal modulating agents considered here are functional foods, especially flaxseed, oat and soy, composing a Bioactive Food Compound.

Microbiome and morbid obesity increase pathogenic stimulus diversity

“…The same group investigated microbiota in oral swabs and compared it to results from colonic mucosae and stool probes in CRC and stated that "high abundance of Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with the colonisation of colonic tissue with oral-like bacterial networks suggesting a protective role for certain microbiota types against CRC, possibly by conferring colonisation resistance to CRC-associated oral taxa and possibly mediated through habitual diet" [51]. However, investigating microbiota is not enough [52] as dynamic changes need to be considered [53].…”

Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana

“…The compounds identified in the ethanolic extract EEF were also observed in the analyzed phases EEFC, EEFA, and EEFW at different proportions (Figure 2), except for the EEFW, in which biflavonoids (6)(7)(8) were not observed. The EEFC fraction concentrated biflavonoids (6 and 8) and xanthone (15), while the EEFA fraction concentrated biflavonoid (6) (Figure 2). The compounds identified in the ethanolic extract EEF were also observed in the analyzed phases EEFC, EEFA, and EEFW at different proportions (Figure 2), except for the EEFW, in which biflavonoids (6)(7)(8) were not observed.…”

“…The compounds identified in the ethanolic extract EEF were also observed in the analyzed phases EEFC, EEFA, and EEFW at different proportions (Figure 2), except for the EEFW, in which biflavonoids (6)(7)(8) were not observed. The EEFC fraction concentrated biflavonoids (6 and 8) and xanthone (15), while the EEFA fraction concentrated biflavonoid (6) (Figure 2). Table 1 and all the chromatograms are in the same intensity range.…”

Colibactin‐positive Escherichia coli induce a procarcinogenic immune environment leading to immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer

“…CRC development and outcome are thus largely influenced by the immune response and its microenvironment. In addition, a large amount of microorganisms are also present in this colonic tumor microenvironment and could play a role in carcinogenesis …”

“…In addition, a large amount of microorganisms are also present in this colonic tumor microenvironment and could play a role in carcinogenesis. 14,15 Colorectal cancer patients often exhibit a distinct microbiota composition (dysbiosis) compared to that of a healthy population. 14,16,17 Recently, Wong et al showed that gavage with stools from colorectal cancer patients promotes intestinal carcinogenesis in germ-free and azoxymethane-(AOM)carcinogen mice models.…”