The Complex Link and Disease Between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in Infants

Abstract

The human gut microbiome is important for human health. The development of stable microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract is closely related to the early growth and development of host immunity. After the birth of a baby, immune cells and the gut microbiome mature in parallel to adapt to the complex gut environment. The gut microbiome is closely linked to the immune system and influences each other. This interaction is associated with various diseases in infants and young children, such as asthma, food allergies, necrotizing colitis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, the composition of the infant gut microbiome can predict the risk of disease development and progression. At the same time, the composition of the infant gut microbiome can be regulated in many ways and can be used to prevent and treat disease in infants by modulating the composition of the infant gut microbiome. The most important impacts on infant gut microbiota are maternal, including food delivery and feeding. The differences in the gut microbiota of infants reflect the maternal gut microbiota, which in turn reflects the gut microbiota of a given population, which is clinically significant.

“An impact of Wi-Fi irradiation on the gut microbiome of rats”

“…The gut microbiome plays a key role in the development and function of the human immune system 17,30 .…”

“…The gut microbiome and the immune system are intricately linked, with each in uencing the other in complex ways. A healthy gut microbiome helps to maintain a strong immune system, while disruptions to the gut microbiome can lead to immune system dysfunction [17][18][19] . The gut microbiome helps to educate the immune system and promote tolerance to harmless antigens.…”

Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy

“…Gut microbiota symbiosis plays a multifaceted role in shaping the immune responses of the human host [ 26 , 27 ]. This complicated crosstalk allows for the normal functioning of immune tolerance and immunosurveillance, which recognizes and eliminates opportunistic bacteria to prevent potential infection.…”

Maternal-Foetal/Infant Interactions—Gut Microbiota and Immune Health

“…Sanidad et al [ 38 ] explored factors modulating a child’s gut microbiota and its impact on the immune system, but did not consider the potential consequences of dysbiosis in adulthood. Zhang et al [ 39 ] discussed mutual correlations between gut microbiota and the immune system, focusing on the maturation process of both systems and considering influencing factors, as well as the potential consequences of their disturbance. In a review by Wiertsema et al [ 8 ], detailed physiological interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system were highlighted, along with the influence of nutrition on modulating the microbiome and immune response, although this work was not focused on a specific social group.…”