The Complex Interplay Between Extracellular Matrix and Cells in Tissues

Abstract

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Sirtuin 1 reduces hyaluronan synthase 2 expression by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB and expression of the long-noncoding RNA HAS2–AS1

“…It is composed of the repeating disaccharide Dglucuronic acid -N-acetylglucosamine; and, differently from other GAGs, HA does not possess any chemical modifications (sulfation, acetylation, and epimerization), lacks a protein anchor, and can reach millions of Daltons of molecular mass (2). In addition to its well-known physical-chemical properties, HA has a critical role in the control of cell behavior, including proliferation, motility, differentiation and survival (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) through the interaction with several receptors, including CD44, RHAMM, TLR2/4 that are able to trigger specific signaling cascades (10). Moreover, HA can modulate immune systems, and it is generally accepted that low and high molecular mass HA have pro-and antiinflammatory properties, respectively (11).…”

Fibroblast subtypes define a metastatic matrisome in breast cancer

“…Development of breast cancer metastasis requires a tumor microenvironment (TME) that allows cancer cells to invade, migrate, and ultimately disperse from the primary disease site. Dysregulation of both structural (i.e., collagen I and IV, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins) and matricellular components of the TME (i.e., growth factors, metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, chemokines, and cytokines) has been linked with development of metastases in multiple cancer types (1,2). For example, in breast tissue, the glycoprotein tenascin C (TNC) is often overexpressed at the invasive front of aggressive and metastatic breast tumors (3,4).…”

Extracellular Matrix Mimics Using Hyaluronan-Based Biomaterials

“…This ECM acts as a structural and functional support for cells in the different tissues of the body. The dynamic interplay between cells and the biofunctional ECM components regulates the normal activities of tissues through the activation of signaling cascades that modulate cellular behavior [1,2]. The highly dynamic character of the ECM includes the continuing production, degradation, and remodeling of its components.…”