The complex architecture of oxygenic photosynthesis

Nelson, Nathan; Ben-Shem, Adam

doi:10.1038/nrm1525

Cited by 554 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Here, we show that nox leaves fail to accumulate PSI complexes, thus confirming that xanthophylls are needed for PSI biogenesis. This result is surprising, since (1) there is no evident reason for the preferential effect of xanthophyll depletion on PSI versus PSII core complexes, and (2) PSI core complexes bind chlorophyll a and carotene as the only pigments (Nelson and Ben Shem, 2004), which are not limited in nox thylakoids ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: Reduced Xanthophyll Content Negatively Affects Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…More than 700 different carotenoids have been described, and this structural diversity has likely evolved in relation to their many functions: They act as vitamins and hormones, as substrate for the synthesis of volatile products, and as colors in flowers and fruits (DellaPenna and Pogson, 2006;Cuttriss and Pogson, 2006). Furthermore, carotenoids play essential roles in higher plant photosynthesis, as components of the photosynthetic apparatus (Nelson and Ben Shem, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Arabidopsis nox Mutant Lacking Carotene Hydroxylase Activity Reveals a Critical Role for Xanthophylls in Photosystem I Biogenesis

et al. 2013

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Carotenes, and their oxygenated derivatives xanthophylls, are essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus. They contribute to the assembly of photosynthetic complexes and participate in light absorption and chloroplast photoprotection. Here, we studied the role of xanthophylls, as distinct from that of carotenes, by characterizing a no xanthophylls (nox) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which was obtained by combining mutations targeting the four carotenoid hydroxylase genes. nox plants retained a-and b-carotenes but were devoid in xanthophylls. The phenotype included depletion of light-harvesting complex (LHC) subunits and impairment of nonphotochemical quenching, two effects consistent with the location of xanthophylls in photosystem II antenna, but also a decreased efficiency of photosynthetic electron transfer, photosensitivity, and lethality in soil. Biochemical analysis revealed that the nox mutant was specifically depleted in photosystem I function due to a severe deficiency in PsaA/B subunits. While the stationary level of psaA/B transcripts showed no major differences between genotypes, the stability of newly synthesized PsaA/B proteins was decreased and translation of psaA/B mRNA was impaired in nox with respect to wild-type plants. We conclude that xanthophylls, besides their role in photoprotection and LHC assembly, are also needed for photosystem I core translation and stability, thus making these compounds indispensable for autotrophic growth.

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Section: Reduced Xanthophyll Content Negatively Affects Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis nox Mutant Lacking Carotene Hydroxylase Activity Reveals a Critical Role for Xanthophylls in Photosystem I Biogenesis

et al. 2013

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“…NADPH together with ATP produced as a result of electron-coupled H + transport drive the fixation of CO 2 into carbohydrates. The electron and H + transfer reactions and ATP synthesis are mediated by four multiprotein complexes located in the thylakoid membrane, namely photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII), cytochrome b 6 f and the H + -translocating ATP-synthase [2,3]. These complexes are uniformly distributed in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, red algae, brown algae and diatoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the requirement for aquaporins in the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts to sustain photosynthetic water oxidation

et al. 2013

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a b s t r a c tOxygenic photosynthetic organisms use sunlight energy to oxidize water to molecular oxygen. This process is mediated by the photosystem II complex at the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. Most research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the mechanism behind the unique water oxidation reactions, whereas the delivery pathways for water molecules into the thylakoid lumen have not yet been studied. The most common mechanisms for water transport are simple diffusion and diffusion facilitated by specialized channel proteins named aquaporins. Calculations using published data for plant chloroplasts indicate that aquaporins are not necessary to sustain water supply into the thylakoid lumen at steady state photosynthetic rates. Yet, arguments for their presence in the plant thylakoid membrane and beneficial action are presented.

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“…In cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis PCC6803, cyt b 6 f is also a part of the respiratory electron transport chain [4]. Threedimensional structures of several multimeric protein complexes for oxygenic photosynthesis have been reported at atomic resolution [5]. However, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of thylakoid membrane protein complexes is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory factors for the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes

Chi

Zhang

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Major multi-protein photosynthetic complexes, located in thylakoid membranes, are responsible for the capture of light and its conversion into chemical energy in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Although the structures and functions of these photosynthetic complexes have been explored, the molecular mechanisms underlying their assembly remain elusive. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the regulatory components involved in the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes in photosynthetic organisms. Many of the known regulatory factors are conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, whereas others appear to be newly evolved or to have expanded predominantly in eukaryotes. Their specific features and fundamental differences in cyanobacteria, green algae and land plants are discussed.

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The complex architecture of oxygenic photosynthesis

Cited by 554 publications

References 105 publications

The Arabidopsis nox Mutant Lacking Carotene Hydroxylase Activity Reveals a Critical Role for Xanthophylls in Photosystem I Biogenesis

The Arabidopsis nox Mutant Lacking Carotene Hydroxylase Activity Reveals a Critical Role for Xanthophylls in Photosystem I Biogenesis

Assessment of the requirement for aquaporins in the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts to sustain photosynthetic water oxidation

Regulatory factors for the assembly of thylakoid membrane protein complexes

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